Table 3.

Effects of hypnotic and antidepressant drugs on neurogenesis.

Drug	Effects on neurogenesis	Reference
Zolpidem (hypnotic drug) was administered in aged and young adults rats twice daily, at the onset and middle of the rest phase, for 2 days (acute study) or 21 days (chronic study)	Acute administration produced a suppression on cell proliferation in the aged (30–40%) and young adults (10–15%), larger in the hilus than in the SGZ. Chronic administration produced a small reduction of cell survival in the SGZ of young animals and a slight increase in aged animals	Takase et al. (2009)
Modafinil or caffeine (psychostimulant drugs) were administered in rats total sleep-deprived for 2 days	Prevented decline in neuronal proliferation and differentiation after sleep deprivation	Sahu et al. (2013)
Different classes of antidepressants (MAOI; SSRI; TCA) and electroconvulsive seizure were tested in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats	Chronic administration of electroconvulsive seizures enhance proliferating cells by 50%, while different classes of antidepressant increased proliferating cells by 20–40%	Malberg et al. (2000)
A non-antidepressant psychotropic drug (Haloperidol) was tested in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats	Chronic administration did not significantly alter the number of BrdU-positive cells	Malberg et al. (2000)
The number of cells in the dentate gyrus were compared between postmortem non-psychiatric controls, untreated MDD patients, and MDD patients treated with SSRIs or TCAs	MDD treated patients had a increase in neuronal progenitors and a larger dentate gyrus volume. Dividing cells were greater in MDD patients treated with TCAs. The increase of neuronal progenitors and dividing cells was localized on the rostral dentate gyrus.	Boldrini et al. (2009)