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. 2015 Apr 14;6:305. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00305

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Copyright © 2015 Podnecky, Rhodes and Schweizer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Genomic location and operon organization of Burkholderia pseudomallei resistance nodulation cell division (RND) eﬄux pumps. (A) Chromosomal locations of RND eﬄux operons in strain K96243. Red arrows indicate the approximate locations and transcriptional orientations of RND operons on chromosomes 1 and 2. Operons encoding characterized eﬄux pumps are labeled. Although RND operon distribution is conserved amongst diverse B. pseudomallei strains, locations on the respective chromosomes may vary because of chromosome rearrangements. The origins of replication (ori) in the two strain K96243 chromosomes are marked. Their respective locations on the chromosomes of other strains may vary because of chromosome rearrangements. (B) Transcriptional organization of characterized RND operons. The genes encoding the membrane fusion proteins (amrA, bpeA, bpeE), RND transporter (amrB, bpeB, bpeF) and outer membrane protein channel (oprA, oprB, oprC) are color-coded. The bpeE–bpeF–oprC genes are in the same operon as llpE, which is annotated as a putative lipase/carboxyl esterase. LlpE is not required for BpeEF-OprC eﬄux pump function. Orthologs of LlpE are present in all annotated operons that encode bpeE–bpeF–oprC orthologs. The amrR and bpeR genes encode repressors of amrAB-oprA and bpeAB-oprB, respectively. The bpeT gene encodes a LysR-type transcriptional regulator of llpE-bpeE-bpeF-oprC.