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. 2015 Apr 14;6:271. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00271

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Copyright © 2015 Chubiz, Granger, Segrè and Harcombe.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Community state resulting from genetic perturbations in E. coli. Final biomass of each simulated species when bacteria were (A) cooperating and (B) competing. Non-essential reactions (black) and essential reactions (gray) are displayed in each plot. (C) Standard deviations of ECD values for all non-essential reactions for cooperation (white) and competition (black). Deviations in ECD were significant (star) by a Levene Test (P < 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶).