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SCFAs, but not LPS, modulate TPH1 expression in a human model of EC cells. Relative expression is shown of TPH1 mRNA in BON cells treated with different concentrations of SCFAs (A) acetate and (B) butyrate or LPSs from (C) commensal K12 E. coli and (D) pathogenic O111:B4 E. coli (3 replicate treatments per group). One-way ANOVA, Dunnett multiple comparison test: **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
