TABLE 1—
Participant Characteristics by Immigrant Generation: Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, 1998–1999
| Immigrant Generation |
|||||
| Variable | First, No. (%) or Mean ±SE | Second, No. (%) or Mean ±SE | Third, No. (%)or Mean ±SE | Total, No. (%) or Mean ±SE | P |
| 913 (51.30) | 704 (39.50) | 164 (9.20) | 1781 (100.00) | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | < .001 | ||||
| Yes | 263 (28.80) | 260 (36.90) | 64 (39.00) | 587 (33.00) | |
| No | 650 (71.20) | 444 (63.10) | 100 (61.00) | 1194 (67.00) | |
| Diabetes medication use | .004 | ||||
| Diabetic on medication | 163 (17.90) | 168 (23.90) | 42 (25.60) | 373 (20.90) | |
| Diabetic not on medication | 100 (11.00) | 92 (13.10) | 22 (13.40) | 214 (12.00) | |
| Nondiabetic | 650 (71.20) | 444 (63.10) | 100 (61.00) | 1194 (67.00) | |
| Gender | .22 | ||||
| Man | 363 (39.80) | 307 (43.60) | 73 (44.50) | 743 (41.70) | |
| Woman | 550 (60.20) | 397 (56.40) | 91 (55.50) | 1038 (58.30) | |
| Age | 71.1 ±7.50 | 70.2 ±6.40 | 69.6 ±7.20 | 70.7 ±7.20 | .005 |
| Primary language | < .001 | ||||
| English | 129 (14.10) | 478 (67.90) | 144 (87.80) | 751 (42.20) | |
| Spanish | 784 (85.90) | 226 (32.10) | 20 (12.20) | 1030 (57.80) | |
| Acculturation score, 0–6 | 1.3 ±1.20 | 3.2 ±1.20 | 3.5 ±1.00 | 2.3 ±1.50 | < .001 |
| Years of education | 5.0 ±4.70 | 9.4 ±4.90 | 10.5 ±5.20 | 7.2 ±5.30 | < .001 |
| Income | < .001 | ||||
| ≥ 1 entitled or no income | 271 (29.70) | 145 (20.60) | 28 (17.10) | 444 (24.90) | |
| 1 earned income, no entitled | 330 (36.10) | 196 (27.80) | 45 (27.40) | 571 (32.10) | |
| ≥ 2 earned, no entitled | 312 (34.20) | 363 (51.60) | 91 (55.50) | 776 (43.00) | |
| Occupation | < .001 | ||||
| Nonmanual | 105 (11.50) | 219 (30.79) | 48 (30.64) | 372 (20.90) | |
| Manual | 598 (65.50) | 369 (52.66) | 87 (52.02) | 1054 (59.20) | |
| No occupation or homemaker | 196 (21.50) | 109 (15.54) | 24 (14.45) | 329 (18.50) | |
| Alcohol use | .013 | ||||
| Daily | 75 (8.20) | 62 (8.80) | 18 (11.00) | 155 (8.70) | |
| Weekly | 77 (8.40) | 87 (12.40) | 25 (15.20) | 189 (10.60) | |
| Monthly, yearly, rarely, or never | 761 (83.40) | 555 (78.80) | 121 (73.80) | 1437 (80.70) | |
| Smoking status | .15 | ||||
| Current | 104 (11.30) | 77 (10.90) | 21 (12.80) | 202 (11.34) | |
| Former | 361 (39.50) | 319 (45.30) | 73 (44.50) | 753 (42.30) | |
| Never | 448 (49.10) | 308 (43.80) | 70 (42.70) | 826 (46.40) | |
| Self-reported walking pace | .019 | ||||
| Never walk outdoors or unable to walk | 34 (3.70) | 35 (5.00) | 5 (3.10) | 74 (4.20) | |
| Easy, casual or normal, average | 699 (76.60) | 506 (71.90) | 113 (68.90) | 1318 (74.00) | |
| Brisk, very brisk, or striding | 126 (13.80) | 130 (18.50) | 35 (21.30) | 291 (16.30) | |
| Have medical insurance | < .001 | ||||
| Yes | 769 (84.20) | 685 (97.30) | 161 (98.20) | 1615 (90.70) | |
| No | 144 (15.80) | 19 (2.70) | 3 (1.80) | 166 (9.30) | |
| BMI | 29.5 ±5.80 | 30.3 ±6.40 | 30.2 ±6.00 | 29.9 ±6.10 | .018 |
| Waist circumference, inches | 37.9 ±5.00 | 38.5 ±5.30 | 38.4 ±5.00 | 38.2 ±5.10 | .084 |
Note. BMI = body mass index (defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters). Percentages may not equal 100% because of rounding.