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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 14.
Published in final edited form as: Oikos. 2014 Sep 3;124(1):14–21. doi: 10.1111/oik.01523

Table 2.

Mutualism attributes predicted to be related to risk of partner species becoming phenologically mismatched as a result of climate change.

Risk of phenological mismatch

Characteristics Low High
1) Intimacy Symbiotic, co-dispersing Free-living, disperse independently
2) Seasonality, duration Aseasonal/continuous, long-term Seasonal/episodic, short-term
3) Obligacy, specificity Obligate, symmetrically specialized Facultative, symmetrically generalized