Table 1.

Social defeat increased mRNA expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the CTX-C, CTX-R, HPC, and BG in an exposure-dependent manner

Reg	mRNA	Control	Social Defeat
Reg	mRNA	Control	1 d	3 d	6 d
CTX-C	VCAM-1	1.00 ± 0.15^a	1.10 ± 0.07^a,b	1.20 ± 0.06^b	1.70 ± 0.06^c
CTX-C	ICAM-1	1.01 ± 0.04^a	2.01 ± 0.37^b	2.21 ± 0.28^b	4.69 ± 0.74^c

CTX-R	VCAM-1	1.01 ± 0.05^a	1.32 ± 0.03^b	1.23 ± 0.05^b	1.90 ± 0.06^c
CTX-R	ICAM-1	1.00 ± 0.04^a	2.39 ± 0.36^b	2.16 ± 0.19^b	5.47 ± 0.70^c

HPC	VCAM-1	1.00 ± 0.02^a	1.14 ± 0.05^b	1.17 ± 0.07^b	1.40 ± 0.13^b
HPC	ICAM-1	1.00 ± 0.03^a	2.08 ± 0.32^b	2.70 ± 0.43^b,c	4.68 ± 0.82^c

BG	VCAM-1	1.00 ± 0.27^a	1.00 ± 0.09^a	1.08 ± 0.06^a	1.59 ± 0.17^b
BG	ICAM-1	1.00 ± 0.03^a	2.07 ± 0.48^a,b	2.11 ± 0.23^b	4.83 ± 1.07^b

Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to one, three, or six cycles of social defeat (RSD) or left undisturbed as controls (CON). Immediately following the final cycle of RSD, brains were removed, dissected, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA levels were determined in the caudal cortex (CTX-C), rostral cortex (CTX-R), hippocampus (HPC), and basal ganglia (BG) (n = 6). Values represent average fold change compared to control. Means with different letters (a, b, or c) are significantly different (p < 0.05) from each other.