Table 3.
Prenatal versus postnatal brain expression biases across brain regions.
| Network genes | Truncating SNVs | Sibling SNVs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain region | Bias | SEM | P-value | Bias | SEM | P-value | Bias | SEM | P-value |
| Amygdala | 0.25 | 0.08 | 1×10−12 | 0.26 | 0.10 | 2×10−6 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
| Cerebellum | 0.23 | 0.08 | 3×10−9 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 4×10−3 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
| Frontal | 0.12 | 0.08 | 1×10−16 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 4×10−10 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
| Hippocampus | 0.15 | 0.07 | 1×10−5 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 4×10−4 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
| Occipital | 0.17 | 0.08 | 3×10−7 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 3×10−2 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
| Parietal | 0.16 | 0.08 | 3×10−11 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 3×10−4 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.7 |
| Striatum/ganglia | 0.24 | 0.08 | 2×10−12 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 3×10−5 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
| Temporal | 0.16 | 0.07 | 2×10−17 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 2×10−8 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
| Thalamus | 0.14 | 0.08 | 1×10−4 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 1×10−5 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
The biases were calculated using human expression data obtained from the HBT database. To quantify the expression bias for each brain region, we calculated the difference between the average log2 prenatal expression and the average log2 postnatal expression, such that positive values in the table indicate higher expression levels in the prenatal periods. The significances of the expression biases were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum one-tail test and corrected using the Bonferroni procedure. Bias SEM was calculated separately for each brain region.