Table 2.

Prior studies on biomarker candidates of atopic dermatitis

Candidate marker	Action	Clinical results	Reference
sE-selectin	An adhesion molecule on endothelial cells	Reflection of disease severity	50,52,53,54,66,67
sVCAM-1	An adhesion molecule on endothelial cells	Not correlated with disease severity	51,52,54,67
sICAM-1	An adhesion molecule on endothelial cells	Not correlated with disease severity	52,54
TARC/CCL17	A chemokine that attracts CCR4+ or CCR8+ cells	Reflection of disease severity	55,56,58,68,69,70,71,72
MDC/CCL22	A chemokine that attracts CCR4+ cells	Reflection of disease severity	56,57,68,69,72,73
CTACK	A chemokine that attracts CCR10+ cells	Reflection of disease severity	58
IL-13	An inducer of IgE production	Reflection of disease severity	74
IgE	Primes the IgE-mediated allergic reaction	Reflection of disease severity	32,46,68,71,75
		No significant result	29,30,72,76
ECP	A basic protein located in the eosinophil primary matrix	Reflection of disease severity	75,77,78,79,80
		No significant result	67
TEC	Eosinophils control mechanisms associated with allergy	Reflection of disease severity	75,79,81
sIL-2R	Expressed by antigen-activated T lymphocytes	Reflection of disease severity	79,80,81
IL-16	A chemokine that attracts CD4+ cells	Reflection of disease severity	44,73,75
IL-18	An interferon-γ inducing factor	Reflection of disease severity	71,82,83
BDNF	A peripheral neurotrophin	Reflection of disease severity	84,85
NGF	A potent mediator in neuroinflammatory processes	Reflection of disease severity	86
		Positive staining on AD skin only	87
		No significant result	88
Substance P	A neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator	Reflection of disease severity	86
		Not correlated with disease severity	89
CCL18	A chemokine that attracts both innate and adaptive immune cells	Reflection of disease severity	90
		Significantly decreased after Tx	72
MEC/CCL28	A chemokine that attracts CCR3+, CCR10+ cells	Reflection of disease severity	91,92
PF-4	A platelet chemokine	Reflection of disease severity	93,94
Beta-TG	A platelet chemokine	Reflection of disease severity	93,94
IL-31	Associated with skin-homing CLA-positive T cells	Reflection of disease severity	95
CLSP	A modulator of calcium-dependent proteins	Positive relation in AEAD skin	96
Der p-specific IgG4	A specific IgG molecule for Der p	Reflection of disease severity	32,33,45,48,49

Underlyng bar: studies and results of SIT in AD.

sE-selectin, soluble E-selectin; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1; TARC, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine; CCL, C-C motif ligand; CCR, chemokine receptor; MDC, macrophage-derived chemokine; CTACK, cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine; IL-13, interleukin-13; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; TEC, total eosinophil count; sIL-2R, soluble IL-2 receptor; BNDF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; Tx, treatment; MEC, mucosa-associated epithelial chemokine; PF-4, platelet factor 4; beta-TG, beta-thromboglobulin; CLA, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen; CLSP, calmodulin-like skin protein; AEAD, acute exacerbated.