Fig. 1. Effect of delphinidin on myofibroblast differentiation (α-SMA) induced by TGF-β1 in NPDFs. NPDFs were treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL), with or without delphinidin (Del, 0-20 µM). The mRNA expression level of α-SMA was determined by RT-PCR (A). Protein production of α-SMA was measured by Western blot (B) and visualized by immunofluorescence staining with an antibody to α-SMA (C). Values are the means ±SEM of the 3 independent experiments. Images were acquired by confocal laser scanning microscopy. ^*P<0.05 vs control; ^†P<0.05 vs TGF-β1. Scale bar=50 µm.