Table 1.

Studies evaluating efficacy of computer- and Internet-based treatment for eating disorders.^a

Study		Diagnosis (N)	Intervention (study design)	Duration
Computer- and Internet-based unguided self-help
	Bara-Carril et al [42]	BN (N=46); EDNOS (N=11)	“Overcoming Bulimia” (uncontrolled study)	8 modules, 4-8 weeks
	Schmidt et al [43]	BN (N=60); EDNOS (N=37)	“Overcoming Bulimia” (RCT)	8 modules, 8-12 weeks
	Johnston et al [44]	BN (N=94)	Therapeutic writing (RCT)	20 min on 3 consecutive days
Computer- and Internet-based guided self-help
	Huon [45]	BN (N=120)	Internet-guided self-help (RCT)	7 modules, 7 months
	Graham & Walton [46]	BN (N=13); BED (N=27)	“Overcoming Bulimia” (uncontrolled study)	8 modules, 8 weeks
	Murray et al [47]	BN (N=77); EDNOS (N=5)	“Overcoming Bulimia” (controlled study)	8 modules, 8-12 weeks
	Sánchez-Ortiz et al [48]	BN (N=39); EDNOS (N=37)	“Overcoming Bulimia” (RCT)	8 modules, 8-12 weeks; continued access to the online sessions for 24 weeks
	Ljotsson et al [49]	BN (N=33); BED (N=36)	“Overcoming Binge eating” (RCT)	6 modules, 12 weeks
	Carrard et al [50]	BN (N=41); EDNOS (N=4)	“SALUT” (uncontrolled study)	7 modules, 4 months
	Liwowsky et al [51]	BN (N=22)	“SALUT” (uncontrolled study)	7 modules, 4 months
	Nevonen et al [52]	BN (N=27); EDNOS (N=11)	“SALUT” (uncontrolled study)	7 modules, 6 months
	Fernández-Aranda et al [53]	BN (N=62)	“SALUT” (controlled study)	7 modules, 4 months
	Carrard et al [54]	BN (N=100); EDNOS (N=27)	“SALUT” (uncontrolled study)	7 modules, 4 months
	Wagner et al [55]	BN/EDNOS (N=155)	“SALUT” (RCT)	7 modules, 4-7 months
	Leung et al [56]	ED (N=280)	“SMART EATING” (uncontrolled study)	6 components, open-end
	Pretorius et al [57]	BN (N=61); EDNOS (N=40)	“Overcoming Bulimia” (adapted for adolescents) (uncontrolled study)	8 modules, 3 months
	Wagner et al [58]	BN (N=126)	“SALUT” (RCT)	7 modules, 4-7 months
Internet-based therapist-delivered treatment
	Robinson & Serfaty [59]	BN (N=18); BED (N=4); EDNOS (N=1)	Email therapy (uncontrolled study)	3 months
	Robinson & Serfaty [60]	BN (N=51); EDNOS (N=20); BED (N=26)	Email therapy (RCT)	3 months
	Simpson et al [61]	BN (N=5); AN (N=1); EDNOS (N=6)	Videoconferencing (uncontrolled study)	12-20 sessions CBT; 6-8 optional sessions of nutritional education
	Mitchell et al [62]	BN (N=71); EDNOS (N=57)	Videoconferencing (RCT)	20 sessions manual-based CBT, 4 months
Internet-based relapse prevention
	Fichter et al [63,64]	AN (N=258)	“VIA” (RCT)	9 modules, 9 months
	Mezei et al [65]	BN/EDNOS/BED/ AN binge-purging subtype (N=39)	“EDINA” (uncontrolled study)	Online platform for peer support and professional consultation, 4 months
Body image and eating disorder prevention
	Gollings & Paxton [66]	Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating (N=40)	“Set Your Body Free” (pilot RCT)	Weekly 90-min group sessions, 8 weeks
	Paxton et al [67]	Body dissatisfaction (N=116)	“Set Your Body Free” (RCT)	Weekly 90-min group sessions, 8 weeks
	Stice et al [68,69]	Body dissatisfaction (N=107)	“eBody Project” (RCT)	6 modules, 3 weeks
	Serdar et al [70]	Weight and/or shape concerns (N=333)	Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention (RCT)	3 sessions for 60 min
	Zabinski et al [71]	Weight concerns (N=60)	Synchronous Internet relay chat (RCT)	Weekly (60 min) chat discussions, 8 weeks
	Ohlmer et al [72]	Women at risk for AN (N=36)	“Student Bodies” for AN (uncontrolled study)	Weekly sessions for 45-90 min, 10 weeks
	Heinicke et al [73]	Body image or eating problems (N=73)	“My Body, My Life” (RCT)	Weekly 90-min online sessions, 6 weeks
Eating disorder symptoms/subthreshold eating disorders
	Ruwaard et al [74]	Bulimic symptoms (N=105)	Online cognitive behavioral treatment (RCT)	20 weeks
	Jacobi et al [75]	Subthreshold eating disorder (N=29); Eating disorder symptoms at lower level (N=97)	“Student Bodies+” (RCT)	8 sessions, 8 weeks
Motivation
	Hötzel et al [76]	Eating disorder symptoms (N=212)	“ESS-KIMO“ (RCT)	Weekly online sessions for 45 min, 6 weeks
	Leung et al [77]	Eating disorder (N=185)	“SMART EATING” (uncontrolled study)	11 worksheets to enhance individuals’ motivation to change their eating behaviors
Carers/Parents
	Binford Hopf et al [78]	Parents of AN patients (N=13)	Internet-based chat support groups (uncontrolled study)	15 weekly online chat sessions for 90 min
	Grover et al [79]	Carers of AN patients (N=27)	“Overcoming anorexia online” (uncontrolled study)	9 workbooks (encouraged 1 per week, but no formal time limit)
	Grover et al [80]	Carers of AN patients (N=64)	“Overcoming anorexia online” (RCT)	8 modules, 4 months
	Hoyle et al [81]	Carers of AN patients (N=37)	“Overcoming anorexia online” (RCT)	7 modules + 2 additional modules for carers, 7 weeks
	Bruning Brown et al [82]	Parents of sophomore students (N=69)	“Student Bodies” parent intervention (RCT)	Unstructured web-based intervention, 4 weeks
Mobile/SMS text messaging
	Shapiro et al [83]	BN (N=31)	Text messaging (uncontrolled study)	Daily, 24 weeks + 12 CBT face-to-face group sessions for 90 min
	Robinson et al [84]	BN (N=21)	SMS-based intervention (uncontrolled study)	Weekly, 6 months
	Bauer et al [85]	BN (N=97); EDNOS (N=68)	Aftercare SMS-based intervention (RCT)	Weekly symptom report via SMS text message, 16 weeks
	Cardi et al [86]	AN (N=18); BN (N=13)	Mp4 player or iPod with 10 video clips (vodcasts) (uncontrolled study)	Between 3 to 20 min each, workbook and daily monitoring forms, 3 weeks

^a AN: anorexia nervosa, BN: bulimia nervosa, BED: binge eating disorder, CBT: cognitive behavioral therapy, ED: eating disorder, EDNOS: eating disorders not otherwise specified, RCT: randomized controlled trial, SMS: short message service.