Table 1. General Characteristics According to Household Income.
| Total | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 14004 | 3067 | 3622 | 3673 | 3642 | - |
| Age (yrs) | 51.4±0.2 | 62.2±0.5 | 49.5±0.3 | 46.7±0.3 | 47.3±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 48.8 | 41.2 | 48.1 | 51.2 | 51.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9±0.04 | 23.8±0.10 | 24.0±0.08 | 23.9±0.08 | 23.9±0.09 | 0.472 |
| WC (cm) | 82.2±0.1 | 83.0±0.3 | 82.3±0.2 | 81.8±0.2 | 81.6±0.2 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 121±0.2 | 127±0.5 | 120±0.4 | 118±0.4 | 118±0.4 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 77.2±0.1 | 76.2±0.3 | 77.1±0.3 | 77.6±0.3 | 78.0±0.2 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 99±0.3 | 103±0.7 | 98±0.5 | 98±0.5 | 97±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192±0.4 | 192±0.9 | 191±0.8 | 191±0.8 | 193±0.8 | 0.431 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 141±1.3 | 145±2.7 | 142±2.8 | 139±2.4 | 139±2.9 | 0.228 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 117±0.8 | 117±2.1 | 116±1.3 | 117±1.4 | 119±1.2 | 0.458 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 49±0.1 | 48±0.3 | 48±0.3 | 49±0.2 | 49±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Daily energy intake (kcal) | 2015±11 | 1754±22 | 2007±20 | 2130±20 | 2172±20 | <0.001 |
| Daily carbohydrate intake (g) | 325±2 | 304±3 | 324±3 | 335±3 | 339±3 | <0.001 |
| Family history of DM | 20.7 | 13.8 | 19.5 | 22.5 | 24.1 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers (%) | 24.7 | 21 | 27.1 | 25.9 | 23.4 | <0.001 |
| Frequent drinkers (%) | 24.8 | 20.3 | 24.4 | 25.9 | 26.7 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (%) | 48.1 | 35.8 | 45.5 | 48.9 | 57.7 | <0.001 |
| Residence in urban area (%) | 78.1 | 64.4 | 77.3 | 82.8 | 82.8 | <0.01 |
| Stressed (%) | 26 | 29 | 25 | 24 | 26 | 0.001 |
| Depression (%) | 14 | 21 | 16 | 12 | 11 | <0.01 |
| DM (%) | 7.8±0.3 | 14.7±0.7 | 7.6±0.5 | 5.7±0.5 | 5.7±0.5 | <0.001 |
N, unweighted number of individuals; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumstance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglycerides; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Q1 (lowest quartile), Q2 (medium-lowest quartile), Q3 (medium-highest quartile), and Q4 (highest quartile). Values are presented as mean±standard error or percentage.
*p-value by general linear model for continuous variables and multivariate logistic regression for categorical variables.