Table 5. Multivariate-Adjusted ORs for the Presence of Diabetes According to Education Level.

	Total	E1	E2	E3	E4	p value*	r	p value†
DM (%)	7.7	15.4	11.4	5.5	3.1	<0.001
ORs (95% CI)
Model 1		5.61 (4.41-7.12)	3.98 (3.00-5.28)	1.78 (1.37-2.31)	1.00	<0.001	1.78 (1.67-1.90)	<0.001
Model 2		1.70 (1.25-2.30)	1.97 (1.45-2.68)	1.39 (1.06-1.81)	1.00	<0.001	1.18 (1.08-1.29)	<0.001
Model 3		1.86 (1.33-2.62)	2.12 (1.52-2.97)	1.47 (1.10-1.97)	1.00	<0.001	1.21 (1.10-1.34)	<0.001

ORs, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus.

E1 (less than 7 years of education), E2 (7-9 years of education), E3 (10-12 years of education), and E4 (more than 12 years of education). Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, family history of diabetes, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, residence and household income.

^*p value by likelihood ratio test.

^†p value by test for linear trend.