Table 4.

Estimates of adherence as a risk factor for breastmilk HIV-1 transmission and a composite outcome of breastmilk HIV-1 transmission or infant death by 38 weeks of age, among those HIV-1 uninfected at 5 weeks.^*

	Imputed adherence				Complete case
	Unadjusted		Adjusted**		Unadjusted		Adjusted**
	Hazard Ratio	(95% CI)	Hazard Ratio	(95% CI)	Hazard Ratio	(95% CI)	Hazard Ratio	(95% CI)
Breastmilk HIV-1 transmission
Maternal and Infant Regimen
Adherent vs non-adherent	0.50	(0.25, 0.99)	0.48	(0.24, 0.97)	0.40	(0.17, 0 .91)	0.41	(0.18, 0.94)
Adherence by study arm
Maternal ARV adherent vs. non-adherent	0.51	(0.21, 1.21)	0.49	(0.20, 1.19)	0.44	(0.17, 1.11)	0.44	(0.17, 1.12)
Infant NVP adherent vs. non-adherent	0.48	(0.16, 1.44)	0.47	(0.16, 1.40)	0.31	(0.05, 1.87)	0.32	(0.05, 1.91)
Breastmilk HIV-1 transmission or infant death
Maternal and Infant Regimen
Adherent vs non-adherent	0.58	(0.32, 1.04)	0.59	(0.33, 1.06)	0.42	(0.20, 0.89)	0.44	(0.21, 0.94)
Adherence by study arm
Maternal ARV adherent vs. non-adherent	0.51	(0.23, 1.08)	0.53	(0.24, 1.17)	0.38	(0.16, 0.91)	0.40	(0.17, 0.95)
Infant NVP adherent vs. non-adherent	0.66	(0.28, 1.59)	0.65	(0.27, 1.55)	0.58	(0.13, 2.63)	0.61	(0.13, 2.75)

^*Having greater than or equal to 90% pill count or bottle weight adherence is considered adherent; less than 90% adherence is considered non-adherent.

^**Adjusted for maternal age, CD4+, hemoglobin, and time-dependent reported breastfeeding status. Study arm was included as a confounding variable in combined maternal and infant regimen models. Adherence by study arm models included an interaction term between adherence and study arm.