Table 2.

Specific cell types of Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles in the dmPFC that were activated in the nicotine-induced acceleration of the escalation of alcohol self-administration

Group	CaMKII	GAD67
Air-Naive	21.6 ± 7.1	52.8 ± 8.2
Air-Saline	20.6 ± 3.7	36.4 ± 6.2
Air-Nicotine	27.7 ± 7.7	27.2 ± 5.6
Vapor-Naive	5.9 ± 5.7	30.37 ± 7.5
Vapor-Saline	20.28 ± 2.0	30.62 ± 6.6
Vapor-Nicotine	54.58 ± 1.55*	27.86 ± 3.6

These data are represented as the mean ± SEM of double-labeled neurons as a percentage of all Fos-labeled neurons. The total percentage does not necessarily add up to 100%, possibly due to incomplete labeling with cell-type markers. For CaMKII, the two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between the vapor and drug factors (F_(1,12) = 8.33, p < 0.05).

*p < 0.05 compared with the other groups in the same brain area.