Table 1.
Socio-demographic background of adolescents (n = 379)
| Background | Total (n = 379) | Male (n = 191) | Female (n = 188) | X 2 value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | 2.11 | |||
| Malay | 258 (68.1) | 133 (69.6) | 125 (66.5) | |
| Chinese | 65 (17.2) | 29 (15.2) | 36 (19.1) | |
| Indian | 49 (12.9) | 25 (13.1) | 27 (12.8) | |
| Others | 7 (1.8) | 4 (2.1) | 3 (1.6) | |
| Age | 2.36 | |||
| 13-14 | 265 (69.9) | 134 (70.1) | 131 (69.7) | |
| 16-17 | 114 (30.1) | 57 (29.9) | 57 (30.3) | |
| Mean ± SD | 14.25 ± 1.23 | 14.26 ± 1.25 | 14.28 ± 1.23 | |
| Weight (kg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 51.9 ± 13.8 | 54.1 ± 15.1 | 50.0 ± 12.1 | |
| Height (cm) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 158.3 ± 8.5 | 162.0 ± 9.1 | 154.6 ± 5.8 | |
| Body weight status | 2.12 | |||
| Severe thinness (<-3SD) | 6 (1.6) | 3 (1.6) | 3 (1.6) | |
| Thinness (<-2SD) | 17 (4.5) | 10 (5.2) | 7 (3.7) | |
| Normal weight (≤-2SD to ≥ +1SD) | 258 (68.1) | 127 (66.5) | 131 (69.7) | |
| Overweight (> + 1SD) | 54 (14.2) | 26 (13.6) | 28 (14.9) | |
| Obese (> + 2SD) | 44 (11.6) | 25 (13.1) | 19 (10.1) | |
| Mean ± SD (z-score) | 0.09 ± 1.40 | 0.06 ± 1.52 | 0.13 ± 1.28 | |
| Father’s educational attainment (n = 218) | 10.57 | |||
| University | 52 (23.9) | 24 (25.5) | 28 (22.6) | |
| STPM/Diploma/A level | 60 (27.5) | 23 (24.5) | 37 (29.8) | |
| Secondary school | 88 (40.3) | 43 (45.7) | 45 (36.3) | |
| Primary school | 15 (6.9) | 4 (4.3) | 11 (8.9) | |
| No formal education | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.4) | |
| Mother’s educational attainment (n = 218) | 8.32 | |||
| University | 41 (18.8) | 17 (18.1) | 24 (19.4) | |
| STPM/Diploma/A level | 48 (22.0) | 17 (18.1) | 31 (25.0) | |
| Secondary school | 99 (45.4) | 51 (54.2) | 48 (38.7) | |
| Primary school | 20 (9.2) | 5 (5.3) | 15 (12.1) | |
| No formal education | 10 (4.6) | 4 (4.3) | 6 (4.8) | |
| Monthly parental income (RM) (n = 218) | 4364.40 ± 9444.15 | 3928.66 ± 3712.78 | 4768.81 ± 12624.85 |
Note. Data presented are expressed as n (%).