Table 5.

Prior studies reporting outcome, including complications after external of pediatric femoral shaft fractures

Study	Number of patients	Delayed or nonunion		Refracture		Deep pin tract infection		Leg length discrepancy (> 2 cm)		Malunion or angulation (> 10°)
Aronson and Tursky [3]	44	0/44	0%	0/44	0%	5/44	11%	5/44	11%	8/44	18%
Blasier et al. [4]	139	0/139	0%	2/139	1.4%	7/139	5%	N/A	N/A	4/139	3%
de Sanctis et al. [7]	82	0/82	0%	N/A	N/A	0/82	0%	N/A	N/A	6/82	7%
Gregory et al. [9]	27	0/27	0%	4/27	15%	1/27	4%	2/27	7%	5/27	19%
Hedin and Larsson [10]	98	0/98	0%	2/98	2%	0/98	0%	0/98	0%	5/98	5%
Kapukaya et al. [14]	57	0/57	0%	1/57	2%	0/57	0%	0/57	0%	N/A	N/A
Miner and Carroll [18]	37	1/37	3%	8/37	22%	2/33	6%	5/37	14%	4/21	19%
Skaggs et al. [24]	66	N/A	N/A	8/66	12%	9/66	14%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

N/A = data not available.