Table 2.

Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for biomarkers to detect aseptic loosening or osteolysis (see Table 1 for abbreviations)

Biomarker	Effect	Implant	Groups compared (test versus control)	Test time from implantation (years)	Control time from implantation (years)	Number of test subjects	Number of control subjects	Tissue	Sensitivity	Specificity	Accuracy	Reference
NTX	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	9.6	9.1	50	50	Urine	82%	87%	0.85	[30]
NTX	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	12.6	12.6	23	26	Urine	71%	72%	0.70	[35]
NTX	Elevated	THA	Osteolysis versus stable implants	9.6	2.1	21	18	Serum	33%	100%	0.64	[29]
TRAP-5b	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	9.7	3.7	12	12	Serum	83%	92%	0.96	[16]
TRAP-5b	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	5.2	8.8	27	19	Serum	67%	89%	0.76	[28]
DPYD	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	8.2	7.8	52	52	Urine	54%	96%	N/R	[32]
DPYD	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	9.6	9.1	50	50	Urine	83%	83%	0.83	[30]
OPG	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	9.3	2.7	36	33	Serum	92%	75%	0.85	[8]
Oc	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	9.6	9.1	50	50	Serum	69%	65%	0.67	[30]
PYD	Elevated	THA	Aseptic loosening versus stable implants	9.6	9.1	50	50	Urine	41%	98%	0.38	[30]