Table 3.
Summary of biomarker findings (see Table 1 for abbreviations and Tables 4–7 for details of each comparison)
| Marker | Total number of comparisons | Proportion of comparisons showing a difference | No effect | Elevated | Depressed | Tissue | Marker category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNF-α | 11 | 27.3% | 8 | 3 | Serum/plasma or synovial fluid | Inflammatory | |
| IL-1β | 11 | 18.2% | 9 | 2 | Serum/plasma or synovial fluid | Inflammatory | |
| NTx | 8 | 50.0% | 4 | 4 | Serum/plasma or urine | Bone turnover | |
| IL-6 | 5 | 60.0% | 2 | 3 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory | |
| PICP | 5 | 20.0% | 4 | 1 | Serum/plasma | Bone turnover | |
| DPYD | 4 | 50.0% | 2 | 2 | Urine | Bone turnover | |
| CTX-I | 4 | 25.0% | 3 | 1 | Serum/plasma or urine | Bone turnover | |
| OC | 3 | 66.7% | 1 | 2 | Serum/plasma | Bone turnover | |
| OPG | 3 | 33.3% | 2 | 1 | Serum/plasma | Bone turnover | |
| RANKL | 3 | 33.3% | 2 | 1 | Serum/plasma | Bone turnover | |
| CD14+CD16+ cell number | 2 | 100.0% | 2 | Pb | Inflammatory | ||
| IL-8 | 2 | 100.0% | 2 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory | ||
| TRAP-5b | 2 | 100.0% | 2 | Serum/plasma | Bone turnover | ||
| CD4+ (% or cell number) | 2 | 50.0% | 1 | 1 | Pb | Inflammatory | |
| CD8+ (% or cell number) | 2 | 50.0% | 1 | 1 | Pb | Inflammatory | |
| CRP | 2 | 50.0% | 1 | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory | |
| Marker Panel | 2 | 50.0% | 1 | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory and bone turnover | |
| BAP | 2 | 0.0% | 2 | Serum/plasma | Bone turnover | ||
| CD2+ (%) | 1 | 100.0% | 1 | Pb | Inflammatory | ||
| CD22+ (%) | 1 | 100.0% | 1 | Pb | Inflammatory | ||
| CD25+ (%) | 1 | 100.0% | 1 | Pb | Inflammatory | ||
| Hyaluronic Acid | 1 | 100.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory (connective tissue degradation or macrophage activation) | ||
| OPG/RANKL | 1 | 100.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Bone turnover | ||
| Osteoclastogenesis | 1 | 100.0% | 1 | Pb | Bone turnover | ||
| PYD | 1 | 100.0% | 1 | Urine | Bone turnover | ||
| CD35+ (%) | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Pb | Inflammatory | ||
| Elastase | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory (connective tissue degradation or granulocyte/macrophage activation) | ||
| GM-CSF | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory (connective tissue degradation or granulocyte/macrophage activation) | ||
| IL-11 | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory | ||
| MMP-1 | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory | ||
| PGE2 | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory | ||
| PIIINP | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory (connective tissue degradation or macrophage activation) | ||
| PINP | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Bone turnover | ||
| sIL-2r | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Inflammatory | ||
| TGF-β | 1 | 0.0% | 1 | Serum/plasma | Mechanism | ||
| totals | 90 | 41.1% | 53 | 35 | 2 |