Table 5.
Biomarkers in urine (see Table 1 for abbreviations)
| Biomarker | Effect | Implant | Groups compared (test versus control) | Test time from implantation (years) | Control time from implantation (years) | Number of test subjects | Number of control subjects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTX-I | None | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 8.2 | 7.8 | 52 | 52 | [32] |
| DPYD | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 8.2 | 7.8 | 52 | 52 | [32] |
| DPYD | None | THA, TKA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | Not specified | Not specified | 36 | 33 | [24] |
| DPYD | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 9.6 | 9.1 | 50 | 50 | [30] |
| DPYD | None | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 12.6 | 12.6 | 23 | 26 | [35] |
| NTX | None | THA | Osteolysis versus stable implants | 3.5 | 6.1 | 33 | 127 | [34] |
| NTX | None | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 8.2 | 7.8 | 52 | 52 | [32] |
| NTX | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 9.6 | 9.1 | 50 | 50 | [30] |
| NTX | Elevated | THA | Osteolysis versus stable implants | 8.8 | 2.4 | 11 | 8 | [2] |
| NTX | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 12.6 | 12.6 | 23 | 26 | [35] |
| PYD | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 9.6 | 9.1 | 50 | 50 | [30] |