Table 6.
Biomarkers in synovial fluid (see Table 1 for abbreviations)
| Biomarker | Effect | Implant | Groups compared (test versus control) | Test time from implantation (years) | Control time from implantation (years) | Number of test subjects | Number of control subjects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | None | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 9.8 | 2.8 | 26 | 12 | [22] |
| IL-1β | None | THA | Loosened type II or III versus loosened type I | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | [22] |
| TNF-α | None | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 9.8 | 2.8 | 38 | 12 | [22] |
| TNF-α | Elevated | THA | Loosened type II or III versus loosened type I | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | [22] |