Table 7.
Biomarkers in peripheral blood (see Table 1 for abbreviations)
| Biomarker | Effect | Implant | Groups compared (test versus control) | Test time from implantation (years) | Control time from implantation (years) | Number of test subjects | Number of control subjects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD14+CD16+ cell number | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 9.7 | 7.2 | 43 | 30 | [36] |
| CD14+CD16+ cell number | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 9.7 | 2.2 | 43 | 16 | [36] |
| CD2+ (%) | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 7 | 10 | 26 | 8 | [7] |
| CD22+ (%) | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 7 | 10 | 26 | 8 | [7] |
| CD25+ (%) | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 7 | 10 | 26 | 8 | [7] |
| CD35+ (%) | None | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 7 | 10 | 26 | 8 | [7] |
| CD4+ (%) | None | THA | Osteolysis versus stable implants | 7 | 10 | 26 | 8 | [7] |
| CD4+ cell number | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 12 | 4 | 15 | 15 | [26] |
| CD8+ (%) | None | THA | Osteolysis versus stable implants | 7 | 10 | 26 | 8 | [7] |
| CD8+ cell number | Elevated | THA | Osteolysis versus stable implants | 12 | 4 | 15 | 15 | [26] |
| Osteoclastogenesis | Elevated | THA | Aseptic loosening versus stable implants | 12 | 4 | 15 | 15 | [26] |