Table 1.
Subject injury and treatment summary
| Ankle fracture number | Age (years) | Sex | R/L | Means of injury | Fracture extension to tibial shaft | Open/closed | Ring external fixation | Duration of ring external fixation | Internal fixation | Approach | Graft | AOFAS score | Healing time (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 60 | M | L | Fall | Yes | Open | No | – | Yes | Anterior | Autograft TOF | 81 | 3.75 |
| 2 | 76 | M | L | Fall | No | Closed | No | – | Yes | Anterior | Allograft | 91 | 3 |
| 3 | 45 | F | R | Kiteboard | Yes | Closed | No | – | Yes | Anterior | Allograft with infuse and local graft TOF | 87 | 4 |
| 4 | 25 | M | L | Jump | No | Open | Yes | 111 | Yes | Anterior | Allograft with infuse 9 weeks postframe application | – | 4.5 |
| 5 | 55 | F | R | MVA | No | Open | Yes | 116 | Yes | Medial/lateral | Allograft with infuse TOF | – | 3.75 |
| 6 | 51 | M | L | Fall | Yes | Closed | Yes | 120 | Yes | Anterior | Allograft TOF | 82 | 5 |
| 7 | 66 | M | R | Logging | Yes | Open | Yes | 57 | Yes | Anterior | Allograft TOF | 91 | 3 |
| 8 | 56 | M | R | Jump | Yes | Closed | Yes | 150 | Yes | Anterior | Allograft TOF | – | 5 |
| 9 | 56 | M | L | Jump | Yes | Closed | Yes | 150 | Yes | Anterior | Allograft TOF | – | 5 |
| 10 | 42 | M | L | Jump | Yes | Closed | Yes | 119 | Yes | Anterior | Allograft TOF | 82 | 4 |
| 11 | 33 | F | L | Fall | Yes | Closed | Yes | 105 | Yes | Anterior | Allograft TOF | 87 | 3.5 |
| 12 | 66 | F | R | MVA | Yes | Open | Yes | 167 | No | Lateral | Autograft with allograft chips 7 weeks postframe application | 69 | 3.75 |
R = right; L = left; AOFAS = American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society; M = male; F = female; MVA = motor vehicle accident; Y = yes; N = no; TOF = at time of frame application.