Table 3.
Studies on lncRNAs in the adaptive immune system.
| Sample | LncRNAs | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Granulocytes, monocytes, NK, B, naïve CD8+ and CD4+, memory human T cells; in vitro polarized precursors T-helper, TH0, TH1, and TH2 human cells | 240 lncRNAs associated with autoimmune disease (AID) loci (RNA-seq) | Analysis of the expression profile of the AID-associated lncRNAs (186) |
| CD4−CD8−, CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD8−, activated CD4+ mouse T cells | 31423 lncRNAs (lncRNA microarray) | Expression analysis and prediction of function (187) |
| 17 T-cell leukemia cell lines | Thy-ncR1 (expression profiling of 10 thymus-specific ncRNA) | Enriched in human immature cells; acts as a cytoplasmic riboregulator that reduces the level of MFAP4 mRNA (188) |
| Naïve, memory, activated, non-activated mouse CD8+ T cells | Over 1000 mouse and human lncRNAs (microarray) | Expression and conservation analysis (37) |
| CD4−CD8−, CD4+CD8+, CD4+, CD8+ mouse thymic T cells, and thymus-derived Treg cells. In vitro differentiated TH1, TH2, TH17, and induced Treg | 1524 lincRNA genes (RNA-seq); LincR-Ccr2-5′AS | Expression analysis and ChIP-seq data analysis to identify lincRNA genes and possible regulators. LincR-Ccr2-5′AS is TH2-specific and it reduces the expression of Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccr3, and Ccr5. It contributes to the migration of TH2 cells (189) |
| Infected Namalwa B lymphocytes | IFNA1-AS | Cytoplasmic post-transcriptional stabilization of IFN-α1 RNA masking a miRNA-binding site (190) |
| Jurkat cells, primary lymphomas, lymphoma cell lines, CD19+ B cells | Saf/FAS-AS1 | Regulates the alternative splicing of Fas which is impaired in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas associated with poor prognosis (191, 192) |
| Activated human CD4+ T cells | BIC RNA (EST library analysis) | Proto-oncogene, induced upon activation, sensitive to immunosuppressive drugs (193) |
| Jurkat cells | NRON (shRNA knock-down screening) | Regulates NFAT subcellular localization as part of an RNA–protein complex (84) |
| CEM-C7 CKM1, jurkat JKM1, human primary lymphocytes | GAS5 | Necessary and sufficient for growth arrest. Acts competing from GREs (71, 106) |
| Human CD4+, CD8+ cells, PBMC | NTT | Unknown, it shows a similar expression pattern to IFNγR (194) |
| Thymocytes | TEA | Instruct the activity of Jα promoters and recombination (103, 195) |
| Human TH1 cells | NeST/Tmevpg1/IFNG-AS1 | Dependent on STAT4, T-bet, and NFκB. Contributes to Ifng expression by binding WDR5 and alter H3K4me3 (196, 197) |
| Human primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, primary and polarized (from CD4+ and CD8+ T) CD4+ CM, TH1, TH2, TH17, and Treg cells; neutrophils, basophils, CD8+ CM, B cells | GATA3-AS1 | Specifically expressed in TH 2 cells (198) |