Table 1.
Virus | ORF | Gene product | Functional mechanism(s) |
---|---|---|---|
K9 | vIRF-1 | Suppresses IRF-1 and IRF-3 transactivational activity; inhibits IRF3 nuclear translocation; inhibits TLR3-driven IFN-β promoter activation and IFNβ production; downregulates TLR4 |
|
K11.1/K11 | vIRF-2 | Suppresses IRF-1 and IRF-3 transactivational activity; inhibits TLR3-driven IFN-β promoter activation and IFNβ production; inhibits PKR function |
|
K10.5/K10.6 | vIRF-3 | Inhibits IRF7 DNA binding and function; Inhibits IRF5-mediated promoter activation | |
ORF45 | ORF45 | Prevents phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF7 | |
KSHV | ORF50 | RTA | Promotes IRF7 ubiquitination and degradation; degrades the TLR3/4 adaptor TRIF |
ORF63 | Disrupts formation and activity of the NLRP1 inflammasome | ||
ORF64 | Suppresses RIG-I-mediated signaling | ||
ORF73 | LANA1 | Prevents IRF3-mediated induction of IFN-β during latency | |
ORF74 | vGPCR | Downregulates TLR4 | |
ORFK8 | K-bZIP | Prevents IRF3-mediated induction of IFN-β during virus reactivation | |
miR-K9 | Downregulates MyD88 and IRAK1 | ||
BGLF4 | PK | Binds and suppresses IRF3 transactivational activity; inhibits of IFN-β production | |
BGLF5 | DNase | Degrades TLR9 transcript | |
BZLF1 | Zta | Binds and suppresses IRF7 transactivational activity | |
EBV | BRLF1 | Rta | Inhibits IRF3 and IRF7 transcription; inhibits IFN-β production during lytic infection. |
LF2 | LF2 | Prevents IRF7 dimerization and IFN-α production | |
LMP1 | LMP1 | Negatively regulates IFN response via induction of miR-146a; downregulates TLR9 | |
LMP2A/2B | LMP2A/2B | Enhances turnover of type I/II IFN receptors |