Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics
| All youth (n=120) | Youth <13 years (n=68) | Youth ≥13 years (n=52) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 12.7±2.7 | 10.8±1.4 | 15.3±1.5 |
| Sex (% female) | 49 | 51 | 46 |
| Race/ethnicity (% white) | 95 | 94 | 96 |
| Sex of participating parent (% female) | 83 | 87 | 79 |
| Family structure (% two-parent home) | 89 | 87 | 92 |
| Highest level parent education (%) | |||
| High school/GED | 11 | 13 | 8 |
| Junior/technical college or associate's degree | 26 | 24 | 29 |
| College degree | 34 | 34 | 35 |
| Graduate degree | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Health insurance (%) | |||
| Private or military | 88 | 88 | 87 |
| Public | 13 | 12 | 13 |
| Age (years) at type 1 diabetes diagnosis | 6.6±3.6 | 5.9±2.8a | 7.5±4.3a |
| Type 1 diabetes duration (years) | 6.1±3.6 | 4.9±2.6b | 7.7±4.0b |
| Insulin dose (U/kg/day) | 0.9±0.3 | 0.9±0.3 | 0.9±0.2 |
| Blood glucose monitoring (times/day) | 6.8±2.4 | 7.5±2.1c | 5.9±2.5c |
| Insulin regimen (%) | |||
| Pump | 84 | 85 | 83 |
| Basal/bolus injections | 16 | 15 | 17 |
| HbA1c | |||
| % | 8.0±0.8 | 7.9±0.8 | 8.0±0.8 |
| mmol/mol | 64±9 | 63±9 | 64±9 |
Data are mean±SD (range) values or percentages.
Statistically significant differences: aP=0.02, bP<0.0001, cP=0.0002.
HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.