Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of All the Subjects (N = 23 698)
| Variables | Number (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (range) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 46.48 (10.50) | 45 (17–91) | |
| Male sex | 14 971 (63.2) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.05 (3.17) | 23.91 (12.18–62.39) | |
| ≥ 25 | 8391 (35.6) | ||
| ≥ 18.5 and < 25 | 14 529 (61.6) | ||
| < 18.5 | 650 (2.8) | ||
| K-BDI level | 2.23 (4.65) | 0 (0–46) | |
| ≥ 10 | 1257 (5.4) | ||
| BEPSI-K level | 1.53 (0.60) | 1.4 (0–5) | |
| ≥ 2.4 | 2219 (9.4) | ||
| K-BDI ≥ 10 and BEPSI-K ≥ 2.4 | 432 (1.8) | ||
| Past history of cancer | 510 (2.2) | ||
| Stomach or colon cancer history | 66 (0.3) | ||
| Smoking | |||
| Non-smoker | 10 088 (47.8) | ||
| Past smoker | 5720 (27.1) | ||
| Current smoker | 5277 (25.1) | ||
| Alcohol | |||
| Non-drinker | 4195 (18.5) | ||
| Social drinker | 17 499 (77.1) | ||
| Heavy drinker | 988 (4.4) | ||
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes | 1314 (5.5) | ||
| Hypertension | 3757 (15.9) | ||
| Congestive heart disease | 567 (2.4) | ||
| Stroke | 174 (0.7) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 3001 (12.7) | ||
| Medication | |||
| Antiplatelet agent | 1277 (5.4) | ||
| Anticoagulant | 71 (0.3) | ||
| NSAID | 1185 (5.0) | ||
| Functional dyspepsia | 7156 (31.2) | ||
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 5566 (26.8) | ||
| Colorectal adenoma and carcinoma | 5654 (23.9) | ||
| Adenoma | 5628 (23.7) | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 26 (0.1) | ||
| Stomach adenoma and carcinoma | 92 (0.4) | ||
| Adenoma | 49 (0.2) | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 43 (0.2) | ||
| Reflux esophagitis | 2978 (12.6) | ||
| Peptic ulcer disease | 830 (3.5) | ||
| Atrophic gastritis | 10 205 (43.1) | ||
| Metaplastic gastritis | 1589 (6.7) |
SD, standard deviation; K-BDI, Korean version of the Beck’s Depression Inventory; BEPSI-K, the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument-Korean version; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.