Table 2. Observed frequencies of routine care processes by clinical core function and complication risk.

	Initial Risk Assessment Function	%	N	Risk Monitoring Function	%	N	Risk Prevention Function	%	N
Bleeding Risk	Anemia history	62	73	Hourly BP labor**	33	58	Oxytocin (AMTSL)	97	76
	Anemia exam	58	66	Hourly HR labor	31	58	Cord traction	82	76
	Hemoglobin lab	3	73	Hourly BP pp**	14	76	Uterine massage	96	76
	CV status BP*	56	66	Hourly HR pp	16	76	Placenta complete	93	76
	CV status HR	62	66	Hourly bleeding pp	11	76
				Hourly uterus tone pp	12	76
Infection Risk	Fever history	16	78	4-Hourly temperature	33	58	Hand hygiene	31	61
	Time of ROM	70	69	4-Hourly amniotic			Perineal cleansing	42	61
	Temperature check	52	66	fluid	31	58	Sterile exam	72	61
	Chest auscultation	12	66				Sterile delivery	85	75
	Urine bacteria lab	0	73
PIH/Pre-eclampsia Risk	Headache	12	73	Hourly BP labor**	33	58	(No relevant routine processes identified)
	Convulsions	12	73	Hourly BP pp**	14	76
	Hypertension	26	73
	CV status BP	56	66
	Edema check	38	66
	Urine protein lab	1	66
Obstruction Risk	Onset contractions	84	69	Hourly contraction	36	58	(No relevant routine processes identified)
	Fetal position	85	66	Hourly descent	31	58
				4-Hourly dilation	32	58
Fetal Risk	Fetal movement	64	69	30-min FHR labor	41	58	Nuchal cord check	84	75
	FHR check	94	66	15-min FHR birth	32	75
Neonatal Risk	NB response check	91	75	Hourly response	8	76	Drying & warming	96	75
	NB temperature	8	75	Hourly temperature	3	76	Skin-to-skin care	92	75
	NB weight	96	75

* identical process indicators of risk assessment for both bleeding and pre-eclampsia

**identical process indicators of risk monitoring for both bleeding and pre-eclampsia

AMTSL = active management of third stage labor; BP = blood pressure; CV = cardiovascular; FHR = fetal heart rate; HR = heart rate; min = minutes; N = total number of cases observed; pp = postpartum. % = frequency in percent of observed cases; PIH = pregnancy-induced hypertension; ROM = rupture of membranes