Table 1. Patient characteristics.
| Characteristics | Distribution or level | n | |
|---|---|---|---|
| At diabetes diagnosis: | |||
| Sex | Women | 439 (49.6) | 885 |
| Men | 446 (50.4) | ||
| Age (years) | 63.2 (53.9; 71.4) | 885 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) at diabetesdiagnosis, BMIdiag | 29.3 (26.3; 33.1) | 880 | |
| Weight change (kg) from 10 years to 1 year before diabetes diagnosis, ΔW-10/-1 | 2.0 (-2.0; 10.0) | 828 | |
| Weight change (kg) from 1 year before diabetes diagnosis till diagnosis, ΔW-1/diag | -1.5 (-5.5; 1.5) | 868 | |
| Weight (kg) at age 20, W20y | 65.5 (60.0; 75.0) | 834 | |
| Living alone | Yes | 254 (29.1) | 872 |
| No | 618 (70.9) | ||
| Education | Basic school | 668 (78.2) | 854 |
| Higher | 186 (21.8) | ||
| Familial disposition to DM | No | 474 (59.1) | 802 |
| Yes | 328 (40.9) | ||
| Diagnostic plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 13.8 (10.8; 17.0) | 885 | |
| Haemoglobin A1c (fract., %) a | 0.099 (0.083; 0.115) | 821 | |
| Fasting triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.1 (1.4; 3.0) | 864 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.3 (5.5; 7.2) | 867 | |
| Urinary albumin (mg/l) | 10.8 (5.6; 23.9) | 850 | |
| Resting heart rate (beats/min) | 76 (68; 84) | 878 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 150 (130; 160) | 880 | |
| Physical activity | Sedentary | 206 (23.7) | 870 |
| Active | 664 (76.3) | ||
| Smoking | Never | 276 (31.7) | 870 |
| Former | 292 (33.6) | ||
| Current | 302 (34.7) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | No | 658 (75.6) | 870 |
| Yes | 212 (24.4) | ||
| Diabetic retinopathy | No | 780 (95.9) | 813 |
| Yes | 33 (4.1) | ||
| Peripheral neuropathy | No | 714 (81.9) | 872 |
| Yes | 158 (18.1) | ||
| Cancer (former or present) | No | 834 (95.6) | 872 |
| Yes | 38 (4.4) | ||
| Allocation to type of care | Routine | 421 (47.6) | 885 |
| Structured | 464 (52.4) | ||
| At 6-year follow up: | |||
| Antidiabetic treatment | Diet alone | 264 (29.9) | 884 |
| Oral agents | 508 (57.5) | ||
| Insulin | 112 (12.7) | ||
Limited to measurements from within 45 days of diabetes diagnosis. Reference range: 5.4–7.4%.
a Values are numbers (%) or medians (interquartile range)