. 2015 Apr 15;10(4):e0122219. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122219

Table 2. Predictors of weight change during the first 6 years after diabetes diagnosis.

Patient characteristics at diabetes diagnosis		Model with weight change from 10 years to 1 year before diabetes diagnosis, ΔW_-10/-1, n = 637		Model with weight change from 1 year before diabetes diagnosis until diagnosis, ΔW_-1/diag. n = 665		Model with weight at age 20 years, W_20y, n = 644
		Estimate (95% CI)	P-value	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value
Sex	Women	0		0		0
Sex	Men	-0.56 (-1.66; 0.54)	0.32	-0.71 (-1.77; 0.36)	0.19	-0.33 (-1.58; 0.91)	0.60
Age (10 years)		-1.47 (-2.02; -0.93)	<0.001	-1.42 (-1.94; -0.90)	<0.001	-1.47 (-2.01; -0.92)	<0.001
Body mass index (1 kg/m²) at diabetes diagnosis, BMI_diag		-0.41 (-0.51; -0.30)	<0.001	-0.39 (-0.49; -0.29)	<0.001	-0.39 (-0.50; -0.29)	<0.001
Weight change (1 kg) from 10 years to 1 year before diabetes diagnosis, ΔW_-10/-1		-0.01 (-0.06; 0.04)	0.79	-	-	-	-
Weight change (1 kg) from 1 year before diabetes diagnosis till diagnosis, ΔW_-1/diag		-	-	-0.20 (-0.28; -0.13)	<0.001	-	-
Weight (1 kg) at age 20, W_20y		-	-	-	-	-0.01 (-0.06; 0.03)	0.54
Living alone	Yes	0		0		0
Living alone	No	-0.27 (-1.42; 0.88)	0.65	-0.42 (-1.52; 0.69)	0.46	-0.29 (-1.44; 0.85)	0.62
Education	Basic school	0		0		0
Education	Higher	0.99 (-0.25; 2.23)	0.12	0.74 (-0.47; 1.95)	0.23	0.98 (-0.26; 2.22)	0.12
Familial disposition to DM	No	0		0		0
Familial disposition to DM	Yes	0.05 (-0.93; 1.03)	0.93	0.02 (-0.93; 0.97)	0.97	0.17 (-0.81; 1.15)	0.73
Diagnostic plasma glucose (1 mmol/l)		0.10 (0.02; 0.18)	0.020	0.07 (-0.01; 0.15)	0.092	0.11 (0.03; 0.19)	0.009
Fasting triglycerides (1 mmol/l)		0.16 (-0.04; 0.35)	0.11	0.12 (-0.08; 0.31)	0.24	0.15 (-0.05; 0.34)	0.14
Total cholesterol (1 mmol/l)		-0.37 (-0.78; 0.04)	0.077	-0.27 (-0.66; 0.12)	0.18	-0.38 (-0.79; 0.02)	0.063
Urinary albumin (10 mg/l)		0.00 (-0.02; 0.02)	0.98	0.00 (-0.02; 0.02)	0.86	0.00 (-0.02; 0.02)	1.00
Resting heart rate (10 beats/min)		0.20 (-0.24; 0.64)	0.37	-0.01 (-0.44; 0.41)	0.95	0.12 (-0.32; 0.55)	0.60
Systolic blood pressure (10 mmHg)		-0.09 (-0.34; 0.15)	0.46	-0.04 (-0.27; 0.20)	0.77	-0.11 (-0.35; 0.13)	0.38
Physical activity	Sedentary	0		0		0
Physical activity	Active	0.92 (-0.28; 2.13)	0.13	0.84 (-0.31; 2.00)	0.15	0.65 (-0.56; 1.85)	0.29
Smoking	Never	0		0		0
	Former	1.43 (0.18; 2.68)	0.026	1.47 (0.26; 2.68)	0.017	1.18 (-0.07; 2.42)	0.065
	Current	-0.27 (-1.55; 1.02)	0.68	-0.56 (-1.80; 0.69)	0.38	-0.45 (-1.74; 0.83)	0.49
Cardiovascular disease	No	0		0		0
Cardiovascular disease	Yes	-1.03 (-2.26; 0.20)	0.10	-0.84 (-2.01; 0.33)	0.16	-1.07 (-2.28; 0.14)	0.082
Diabetic retinopathy	No	0		0		0
Diabetic retinopathy	Yes	3.04 (0.25; 5.83)	0.033	2.83 (0.17; 5.50)	0.037	3.53 (0.67; 6.38)	0.016
Peripheral neuropathy	No	0		0		0
Peripheral neuropathy	Yes	-0.33 (-1.64; 0.98)	0.62	-0.28 (-1.54; 0.97)	0.66	-0.26 (-1.56; 1.04)	0.69
Cancer (former or present)	No	0		0		0
Cancer (former or present)	Yes	0.68 (-1.72; 3.07)	0.58	0.67 (-1.57; 2.91)	0.56	0.61 (-1.67; 2.89)	0.60
Allocation to type of care	Routine	0		0		0
Allocation to type of care	Structured	-1.00 (-1.98; -0.01)	0.047	-1.03 (-1.98; -0.08)	0.033	-0.98 (-1.95; 0.00)	0.050

Values are estimates (95% confidence intervals) from 3 multivariable linear regression models. P-values are from the corresponding t-tests. The dependent variable is the change in weight (ΔW_diag/6) from diabetes diagnosis until the final follow up examination on average 5.7 years later. Patient characteristics are explanatory variables. The estimate can be interpreted as the difference in weight change from diagnosis until 6-year follow up for every unit change (or relative to reference category) of the predictor variable in question.