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. 2015 Apr 15;10(4):e0122219. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122219

Table 2. Predictors of weight change during the first 6 years after diabetes diagnosis.

Patient characteristics at diabetes diagnosis Model with weight change from 10 years to 1 year before diabetes diagnosis, ΔW-10/-1, n = 637 Model with weight change from 1 year before diabetes diagnosis until diagnosis, ΔW-1/diag. n = 665 Model with weight at age 20 years, W20y, n = 644
Estimate (95% CI) P-value Estimate (95% CI) P-value Estimate (95% CI) P-value
Sex Women 0 0 0
Men -0.56 (-1.66; 0.54) 0.32 -0.71 (-1.77; 0.36) 0.19 -0.33 (-1.58; 0.91) 0.60
Age (10 years) -1.47 (-2.02; -0.93) <0.001 -1.42 (-1.94; -0.90) <0.001 -1.47 (-2.01; -0.92) <0.001
Body mass index (1 kg/m2) at diabetes diagnosis, BMIdiag -0.41 (-0.51; -0.30) <0.001 -0.39 (-0.49; -0.29) <0.001 -0.39 (-0.50; -0.29) <0.001
Weight change (1 kg) from 10 years to 1 year before diabetes diagnosis, ΔW-10/-1 -0.01 (-0.06; 0.04) 0.79 - - - -
Weight change (1 kg) from 1 year before diabetes diagnosis till diagnosis, ΔW-1/diag - - -0.20 (-0.28; -0.13) <0.001 - -
Weight (1 kg) at age 20, W20y - - - - -0.01 (-0.06; 0.03) 0.54
Living alone Yes 0 0 0
No -0.27 (-1.42; 0.88) 0.65 -0.42 (-1.52; 0.69) 0.46 -0.29 (-1.44; 0.85) 0.62
Education Basic school 0 0 0
Higher 0.99 (-0.25; 2.23) 0.12 0.74 (-0.47; 1.95) 0.23 0.98 (-0.26; 2.22) 0.12
Familial disposition to DM No 0 0 0
Yes 0.05 (-0.93; 1.03) 0.93 0.02 (-0.93; 0.97) 0.97 0.17 (-0.81; 1.15) 0.73
Diagnostic plasma glucose (1 mmol/l) 0.10 (0.02; 0.18) 0.020 0.07 (-0.01; 0.15) 0.092 0.11 (0.03; 0.19) 0.009
Fasting triglycerides (1 mmol/l) 0.16 (-0.04; 0.35) 0.11 0.12 (-0.08; 0.31) 0.24 0.15 (-0.05; 0.34) 0.14
Total cholesterol (1 mmol/l) -0.37 (-0.78; 0.04) 0.077 -0.27 (-0.66; 0.12) 0.18 -0.38 (-0.79; 0.02) 0.063
Urinary albumin (10 mg/l) 0.00 (-0.02; 0.02) 0.98 0.00 (-0.02; 0.02) 0.86 0.00 (-0.02; 0.02) 1.00
Resting heart rate (10 beats/min) 0.20 (-0.24; 0.64) 0.37 -0.01 (-0.44; 0.41) 0.95 0.12 (-0.32; 0.55) 0.60
Systolic blood pressure (10 mmHg) -0.09 (-0.34; 0.15) 0.46 -0.04 (-0.27; 0.20) 0.77 -0.11 (-0.35; 0.13) 0.38
Physical activity Sedentary 0 0 0
Active 0.92 (-0.28; 2.13) 0.13 0.84 (-0.31; 2.00) 0.15 0.65 (-0.56; 1.85) 0.29
Smoking Never 0 0 0
Former 1.43 (0.18; 2.68) 0.026 1.47 (0.26; 2.68) 0.017 1.18 (-0.07; 2.42) 0.065
Current -0.27 (-1.55; 1.02) 0.68 -0.56 (-1.80; 0.69) 0.38 -0.45 (-1.74; 0.83) 0.49
Cardiovascular disease No 0 0 0
Yes -1.03 (-2.26; 0.20) 0.10 -0.84 (-2.01; 0.33) 0.16 -1.07 (-2.28; 0.14) 0.082
Diabetic retinopathy No 0 0 0
Yes 3.04 (0.25; 5.83) 0.033 2.83 (0.17; 5.50) 0.037 3.53 (0.67; 6.38) 0.016
Peripheral neuropathy No 0 0 0
Yes -0.33 (-1.64; 0.98) 0.62 -0.28 (-1.54; 0.97) 0.66 -0.26 (-1.56; 1.04) 0.69
Cancer (former or present) No 0 0 0
Yes 0.68 (-1.72; 3.07) 0.58 0.67 (-1.57; 2.91) 0.56 0.61 (-1.67; 2.89) 0.60
Allocation to type of care Routine 0 0 0
Structured -1.00 (-1.98; -0.01) 0.047 -1.03 (-1.98; -0.08) 0.033 -0.98 (-1.95; 0.00) 0.050

Values are estimates (95% confidence intervals) from 3 multivariable linear regression models. P-values are from the corresponding t-tests. The dependent variable is the change in weight (ΔWdiag/6) from diabetes diagnosis until the final follow up examination on average 5.7 years later. Patient characteristics are explanatory variables. The estimate can be interpreted as the difference in weight change from diagnosis until 6-year follow up for every unit change (or relative to reference category) of the predictor variable in question.