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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Micron. 2015 Feb 13;72:15–20. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.01.004

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Young’s modulus of Jurkat cells exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) using force spectroscopy mode atomic force microscopy. Membrane force measurements of cells exposed to (A) 0, (B) 15, and (C) 60 kV/cm nsPEFs using FS-AFM. The black circles mark the point on the cell where force measurements were taken. Comparison of (D) force measurements and (E) Young’s modulus in cells pulsed for 60 ns at 0, 15, and 60 kV/cm (n = 3 for all conditions).