Table 3.

Features of Former AAS Users versus Non-AAS-Using Weightlifters

Attributea	Former AAS users	AAS Non-users	Estimated Difference	pb
	N = 19	N = 36	(95% confidence interval)
Total testosterone level, ng/dL	319 (163)	449 (153)	131 (25, 227)	0.009
Range of total testosterone levels:
Testosterone < 200 ng/dl, N (%)	5 (26)	1 (3)		0.011
Testosterone 200 – 348 ng/dl, N (%)c	5 (26)	7 (19)
Testosterone > 348 ng/dl, N (%)c	9 (47)	28 (78)
Free testosterone, pg/mLd	107 (51)	132 (49)	29 (−2, 61)	0.065
Luteinizing hormone, mIU/mL	3.9 (2.5)	4.6 (2.1)	0.9 (−0.5, 2.2)	0.19
Follicle-stimulating hormone, mIU/mL	4.7 (4.6)	5.2 (4.1)	0.9 (−1.6, 3.5)	0.46
Testicular volume, ml	19.9 (4.0)	22.2 (3.4)	2.3 (0.1, 4.5)	0.042
International Index of Erectile Function:e
Erectile Function	26.3 (6.1)	27.6 (4.3)	1.6 (−1.5, 4.6)	0.31
Orgasmic Function	9.3 (1.4)	9.5 (0.9)	0.2 (−0.5, 0.9)	0.55
Sexual Desire	5.6 (2.5)	7.8 (1.4)	2.4 (1.3, 3.4)	< 0.001
Intercourse Satisfaction	11.6 (1.8)	11.5 (2.9)	0.1 (−2.0, 1.7)	0.91
Overall Satisfaction	6.3 (3.1)	7.2 (2.1)	1.0 (0.5, 2.5)	0.17
Total	60.8 (10.8)	64.3 (8.6)	4.1 (−2.1, 10.3)	0.19

SI conversion factors: To convert testosterone to nmol/L, multiply values by 0.0347

^aAttributes shown as mean (SD) for continuous variables and N (%) for ordinal variables.

^bBy linear regression with adjustment for age and race, with the exception of strata of testosterone levels, which were tested by an unadjusted nonparametric trend test.

^cThe cutoff of 348 ng/dL represents the lower limit of the reference range for normal testosterone levels, based on data from the Framingham Heart Study (see Bhasin S, Pencina M, Jasuja G, et al, J Clin Endo Metab. 2011; 96: 2430–2439.).

^dN = 18 for AAS users because of missing data

^eScores on Erectile Function, Orgasmic Function, and Intercourse Satisfaction, as well as Total Score, are restricted to men reporting at least one sexual partner in the past month (N = 15 former AAS users and 32 non-users).