P1 Fgfr2BM−/− bladders have decreased smooth muscle and increased collagen. A and B: α*SMA immunostaining (red) in a P1 Fgfr2BM−/− bladder (B) appeared less compact than in a control bladder (A). Blue indicates DAPI nuclear staining. C: quantitative PCR illustrating reduced α-SMA mRNA expression in P1 Fgfr2BM−/− bladders than in control bladders. D: Western blots demonstrating reduced α-SMA protein in P1 Fgfr2BM−/− compared with age-matched control bladders. α/β-Tubulin was used as a loading control. E and F: Col1a labeling revealed regions of increased collagen deposition (arrowhead) in P1 Fgfr2BM−/− (F) versus control (E) bladder muscle layers. G: quantitative PCR showing increased Col1a mRNA expression in P1 Fgfr2BM−/− versus control bladders. H and I: Col3a immunostaining (arrowhead) appeared similar in P1 Fgfr2BM−/− (I) versus control (H) bladder smooth muscle layers. J: quantitative PCR showing a trend for increased Col3a mRNA expression in P1 Fgfr2BM−/− versus control bladders (P = 0.06). K: graph showing increased collagen in whole P1 Fgfr2BM−/− bladder lysates compared with age-matched control bladder lysates. In E, F, H, and I, the dotted line represents the boundary or lamina propria and smooth muscle layer. Scale bars = 300 μm in A, B, E, F, H, and I. Values are means ± SD in C, G, J, and K. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.