Table 3.

Group and subgroup level measures.

	Non-breeding I	Non-breeding II	Pre-breeding	Parental care
Network	%	%	%	%
(a) Mean degree ± SD
Spatial proximity	78.02 ± 13.59	95.56 ± 7.37	72.73 ± 21.00	64.76 ± 17.89
Feeding behavior	6.59 ± 2.69	6.67 ± 5.44	7.58 ± 3.39	6.67 ± 4.96
Sociopositive behavior	13.19 ± 6.12	11.11 ± 0.00	9.09 ± 5.25	4.76 ± 3.61

Network	τ rw	p	τ rw	p	τ rw	p	τ rw	p
(b) Relative reciprocity (network and its transposed form)
Spatial proximity	0.361	< 0.001***	0.567	< 0.001***	0.494	< 0.001***	0.295	< 0.001***
Feeding behavior	0.667	< 0.001***	0	n.s.	0.333	0.004**	0.120	0.018*
Sociopositive behavior	0.735	< 0.001***	0.889	< 0.001***	0.895	< 0.001***	0.560	< 0.001***

Network	R 2	p	R 2	p	R 2	p	R 2	p
(C) Homophily
Spatial proximity	0.636	< 0.001***	0.889	< 0.001***	0.901	< 0.001***	0.573	< 0.001***†
Feeding behavior	0.297	< 0.001***	0.252	< 0.001***	0.362	< 0.001***	0.162	0.005**†
Sociopositive behavior	0.428	< 0.001***	0.588	0.001***	0.740	< 0.001***	0.375	< 0.001***†

(a) Mean degree (average number of ties connected to a node) given in its normalized version, (b) relative reciprocity between a network and its transposed form (row-wise matrix correlations; 10 000 permutations) and (c) constant homophily models according to membership in discrete pair bonds (10 000 permutations); see text for definitions. Periods are: non-breeding I (n = 14); non-breeding II (n = 10); pre-breeding (n = 12); post-fledging parental care (n = 21).

^†juveniles omitted from the model; n = 14.

Significant results are given in bold:

^*p ≤ 0.05;

^**p ≤ 0.01;

^***p ≤ 0.001.