Fig. 6.

Effect of RGZ on perinatal nicotine exposure-induced alterations in total and phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (p-PPAR-γ), β-catenin, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1) in rat lung and trachea. Compared with the control group, with nicotine administration, the levels of PPAR-γ and p-PPAR-γ decreased, whereas levels of β-catenin and LEF-1 increased significantly in the lungs and tracheas of the nicotine-treated animals, which were reversed in the RGZ-treated group. Representative Western blots for the receptors and GAPDH and density histograms are shown. Values are means ± SE; n = 4 for each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. nicotine.