Figure 1. Systemic and intestinal persistence of MNoV are controlled by IFN-αβ and IFN-λ respectively.

Mice were orally inoculated with 10⁶ plaque-forming units (PFU) of MNoV strain CR6 and genome copies in the indicated tissue (A) or feces (B and C) were quantitated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Genome copies were compared between control, Stat1^−/− and Ifnar1^−/− mice at day 21 in tissues (A); between control, Stat1^−/−, Ifngr1^−/−, Ifnar1^−/−, Ifnlr1^−/−, and Ifnar1^−/− × Ifngr1^−/− mice at day 14 in feces (B); and between control, Ifnar1^−/−, and Ifnlr1^−/− over time in feces (C). Data shown are pooled from at least two independent experiments with each point representing an individual animal in (A) and (B). Points in (C) represent at least four animals pooled from two to four independent experiments. Dashed line represents limit of detection. Statistical significance determined by one-way (A and B) or two-way (C) analysis of variance (ANOVA). n.s., not significant (P > 0.05); *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, ****P ≤ 0.0001. Error bars in (C) denote SD.