Table 2.
Potential urinary biomarkers in RCC.
| Marker | Author (yr) | RCC versus CG |
|---|---|---|
| NMP-22 | Kaya et al. (2005) [76] | ↑ |
| Ozer et al. (2002) [77] | ↑ | |
| Huang et al. (2000) [78] | ↑ | |
| NGAL | Di Carlo (2013) [82] | ↑ |
| Morrissey et al. (2011) [83] | ↑ | |
| KIM-1 | Morrissey et al. (2011) [83] | ↑ |
| MMPs | di Carlo (2012) [84] | ↑ |
| AQP-1 | Morrissey and Kharasch (2013) [86] | ↑ |
| AQP-1 | Morrissey et al. (2014) [87] | ↑ |
| PLIN2 | Morrissey and Kharasch (2013) [86] | ↑ |
| PLIN2 | Morrissey et al. (2014) [87] | ↑ |
RCC: renal cell carcinoma; CG: control group; NMP-22: nuclear matrix protein-22; KIM-1: kidney injury molecule-1; MMP: matrix metalloproteinases; AQP-1: aquaporin-1; PLIN2: Perilipin 2.