TABLE 1.
List of selected differentially modulated proteins in THP-1 cells infected with Leishmania donovani compared to uninfected cells at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 ha
| Category and protein name | UniProt accession no. | Biological process(es) | 12 h |
24 h |
48 h |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean fold change in abundance (±SD) | No. of replicate expts | Mean fold change in abundance (±SD) | No. of replicate expts | Mean fold change in abundance (±SD) | No. of replicate expts | |||
| Signal transduction | ||||||||
| Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein | Q01518 | Activation of adenylate cyclase activity | 0.93 (±0.01) | 3 | 0.44 (±0.21) | 3 | 0.25 (±0.01) | 3 |
| cAMP-responsive element binding protein 3-like protein 4 | Q8TEY5 | Positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | 15.3 (±1.98) | 3 | ||||
| Coronin 1C | Q9ULV4 | Actin cytoskeleton organization | 2.28 (±1.03) | 2 | 0.84 (±0.06) | 2 | ||
| Receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 | Q13546 | TRIF-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling pathway | 3.06 (±0.94) | 2 | ||||
| Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type | P29350 | JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway | 0.22 (±0.005) | 2 | ||||
| Apoptosis, cell death, and differentiation | ||||||||
| 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein | P11021 | ER overload response | 0.43 (±0.04) | 3 | 1.03 (±0.16) | 3 | 1.95 (±0.38) | 3 |
| 10-kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial | P61604 | Activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process | 0.59 (±0.05) | 3 | 0.84 (±0.12) | 3 | 1.9 (±0.88) | 3 |
| Vimentin | P08670 | Cellular component disassembly involved in the execution phase of apoptosis | 0.58 (±0.16) | 3 | 1.74 (±0.55) | 3 | 2.19 (±0.10) | 3 |
| High-mobility-group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y | P17096 | DNA unwinding involved in replication | 1.56 (±0.07) | 3 | 3.54 (±0.1) | 3 | 5.74 (±0.34) | 3 |
| Annexin A5 | P08758 | Negative regulation of the apoptotic process | 0.34 (±0.13) | 3 | 0.35 (±0.12) | 2 | ||
| Immune and inflammatory responses | ||||||||
| Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein | Q7Z434 | Activation of innate immune response | 7.86 (±3.55) | 2 | ||||
| Interleukin-1β | P01584 | Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | 0.75 (±0.45) | 2 | 0.55 (±0.03) | 2 | ||
| CD166 antigen | Q13740 | Cell adhesion | 1.71 (±0.12) | 2 | ||||
| Chromatin remodeling and RNA splicing | ||||||||
| Histone H4 | P62805 | CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly at the centromere | 1.62 (±0.28) | 3 | 5.51 (±2.94) | 3 | 13.6 (±3.23) | 3 |
| Nucleolin | P19338 | Transcription regulation | 1.46 (±0.43)* | 3 | 3.23 (±2.3) | 3 | 1 (±0.02) | 3 |
| Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 | P22626 | RNA transport and mRNA splicing via the spliceosome | 0.89 (±0.04) | 3 | 2.96 (±0.49) | 3 | 1.0 (±0.029) | 3 |
| Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H | P31943 | mRNA splicing via the spliceosome | 0.98 (±0.24) | 2 | 2 (±0.54) | 3 | 0.99 (±0.108) | 3 |
| Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0 | Q14103 | mRNA splicing via the spliceosome | 0.71 (±0.08) | 3 | 3.07 (±1.64) | 3 | 1.08 (±0.09) | 3 |
| Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 | P09651 | RNA export from the nucleus and mRNA splicing via the spliceosome | 1.17 (±0.26) | 3 | 2.57 (±0.25) | 2 | ||
| Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K | P61978 | mRNA splicing via the spliceosome | 0.46 (±0.23) | 3 | 2.64 (±0.34) | 3 | 0.88 (±0.28) | 3 |
| Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 | P07910 | mRNA splicing via the spliceosome | 1.13 (±0.10) | 3 | 2.28 (±1.04) | 3 | 1.37 (±0.24) | 3 |
| Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 | P51991 | mRNA splicing via the spliceosome | 0.69 (±0.13) | 2 | 2.79 (±1.16) | 3 | 1.16 (±0.15) | 3 |
The parameters used for identification and quantification of differentially modulated proteins included (i) proteins having ≥95% confidence (Unused-Prot score of >1.3); (ii) proteins with fold differences of ≥1.5 or ≤0.67, which were considered more abundant or less abundant, respectively; and (iii) proteins detected in a minimum of two technical replicate experiments. Fold changes represent the fold changes in abundance (higher/lower) in infected versus uninfected THP-1 cells. TRIF, TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β; CENP-A, centromere protein A. *, nearest fold ratio for threshold cutoff is threshold cutoff ± 0.05.