DHEA induces CIITA expression. CIITA expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in THP-1 cells infected with B. abortus at an MOI of 100 in the presence or not of cortisol (1 × 10−6 M), DHEA (1 × 10−8 M), or cortisol plus DHEA (1 × 10−6 M and 1 × 10−8 M, respectively) in the presence of IFN-γ (150 U/ml) for 48 h (A) and without IFN-γ for 24 h (B). Data are given as means ± SEM from at least 4 individual experiments. Significance of results for treated versus untreated cells: **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.