Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of participants
| Betel Quid Dependence (BQD) | Healthy control (HC) | Statistics | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 46.7±9.4 | 45.8±9.3 | 0.446 | 0.657 |
| Gender (male/female) | 24/9 | 20/12 | 0.777 | 0.378 |
| Education (years) | 12.3±2.7 | 12.6±2.4 | 0.512 | 0.610 |
| Monthly income (US $) | 423.5±73.7 | 413.1±73.0 | 0.799 | 0.427 |
| Betel Quid Dependence Scale (BQDS) | 10±3.4 | N/A | ||
| Dosage of Betel Quid (g/day) | 342±106 | N/A | ||
| Duration of placement of Betal quid in the mouth (min) | 7.6±2.4 | N/A | ||
| Duration of Betel Quid (years) | 20.6±6.9 | N/A | ||
| Alcohol last 30 days (g) | 200.2±34.8 | 189.0±33.4 | 1.025 | 0.309 |
| Handedness (right/left) | 33/0 | 32/0 | > 0.99a | |
| Self-Rating Anxiety Scale | 27.2±5.6 | 28.3±6.1 | 0.759 | 0.451 |
| Self-Rating Depression Scale | 28.6±6.6 | 32.8±7.5 | 2.385 | 0.020* |
Note: unless otherwise indicated, data are means ± standard deviations. N/A=not applicable. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. aThe P value for gender distribution in the two groups was obtained bychi-square test. bcThe P value for age, Education, Alcohol last 30 days, SAS, SDS difference between the two patient groups was obtained by independent-samples t test.
*
P < 0.05.