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. 2015 Mar 4;8:37. doi: 10.1186/s13068-015-0223-1

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© Sun et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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HSQC spectra of water-soluble lignins (WSL _130(1.0) and WSL _170(1.0) ). HSQC, heteronuclear single quantum coherence; WSL, water-soluble lignin; A, β-aryl-ether units (β-O-4); C, phenylcoumaran substructures (β-5); PCA, free p-coumaric acid; FA, ferulate; H, p-hydroxyphenyl units; G, guaiacyl units; S, syringyl units; S’, oxidized syringyl units bearing a carbonyl at C_α.