Table 2.

Prevalence of Diabetes in Adult Populations Living at or Above 1500 m

First Author, Year (Ref)	Population	Altitude, m	n	Age, y	Diagnosis Criteria	Glycemia, mg/dL	Crude Prevalence, %	Age- Adjusted Prevalence, %
Al-Habori, 2004 (249)	Sana, Yemen	2300	498	25–65	WHO, 1999	≥126 or 2-h OGTT ≥200	4.6
Chen, 2011 (221)	Lhasa, Tibet, China	3658–4200	1289	≥18	N.A.	≥126 or 2-h OGTT ≥200 or self-report	2.9
Faeh, 2009 (250)	German-speaking Switzerland	259–300	N.A.	40–84		Self-report	5.8
	German-speaking Switzerland	300–600	N.A.	40–84		Self-report	3.8
	German-speaking Switzerland	600–900	N.A.	40–84		Self-report	3.4
	German-speaking Switzerland	900–1200	N.A.	40–84		Self-report	4.0
	German-speaking Switzerland	1200–1500	N.A.	40–84		Self-report	4.3
	German-speaking Switzerland	1500–1960	N.A.	40–84		Self-report	5.1
Malaga, 2010 (216)	Lari, Peru	3600	74	>18	N.A.	≥126	1.3
Negi, 2012 (220)	Spiti Valley, India	3900	242	≥20	N.A.	≥126	0.4
	Spiti Valley, India	3100	171	≥20	N.A.	≥126	4.1
Pajuelo-Ramirez, 2010 (50)	Peru	≥3000	959	≥20	ADA, 1997	≥126	0.9
	Peru	1000–2999	808	≥20	ADA, 1997	≥126	1.6
	Peru	<1000	2425	≥20	ADA, 1997	≥126	2.9
Posadas-Romero, 1994 (248)	Mexico City, Mexico	2255a	805	20–90	WHO, 1985	≥140 or self-report	8.7
Schargrodsky, 2008 (219)	Quito, Ecuador	2800	1638	25–64	ADA, 2003	≥126 or self-report		5.9
	Bogota, Colombia	2625	1553	25–64	ADA, 2003	≥126 or self-report		8.1
	Mexico City, Mexico	2240	1722	25–64	ADA, 2003	≥126 or self-report		8.9
	Barquisimeto, Venezuela	564	1848	25–64	ADA, 2003	≥126 or self-report		6.0
	Santiago, Chile	520	1655	25–64	ADA, 2003	≥126 or self-report		7.2
	Lima, Peru	153	1652	25–64	ADA, 2003	≥126 or self-report		4.4
	Buenos Aires, Argentina	10	1482	25–64	ADA, 2003	≥126 or self-report		6.2
Seclén, 1999 (207)	Huaraz, Peru	3052	77	>18	WHO, 1985	≥140 or 2-h OGTT ≥200	1.3
	Waiku, Amazon, Peru	600	54	>18	WHO, 1985	≥140 or 2-h OGTT ≥200	3.7
	Tarapoto, Amazon, Peru	333	90	>18	WHO, 1985	≥140 or 2-h OGTT ≥200	4.4
	Cuñumbuque, Amazon, Peru	300	101	>18	WHO, 1985	≥140 or 2-h OGTT ≥200	2.0
	Lima, Peru	123	158	>18	WHO, 1985	≥140 or 2-h OGTT ≥200	7.6
	Castilla, Peru	30	118	>18	WHO, 1985	≥140 or 2-h OGTT ≥200	6.7
Segura, 2006 (212)	Andes, Peru	3493a	N.A.	>18	-	Self-report	1.8
	Andes, Peru	2351a	N.A.	>18	-	Self-report	2.4
	Amazon, Peru	168.5a	1630	>18	-	Self-report	3.9
	Coast, Peru	31.5a	7725	>18	-	Self-report	4.3
Woolcott, 2014 (208)	United States	<1500	N.A.	≥20	-	Self-report		9.1
	United States	≥1500	N.A.	≥20	-	Self-report		6.4

Abbreviations: ADA, American Diabetes Association; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; WHO, World Health Organization; N.A., information not available. Studies were selected on the basis that they were conducted in at least one representative population residing at or above 1500 m.

^aMedian altitude of the cities sampled, using altitude values obtained online.