Table 2.
Phthalate-Attributable Male Infertility and Resulting ART, 2010
| Expert panel evaluation of epidemiological evidence | Low | |||||
| Expert panel evaluation of toxicological evidence | Strong | |||||
| Probability of causation, % | 40–69 | |||||
| Percentile of exposure | 0–9 | 10–24 | 25–49 | 50–74 | 75–89 | >90 |
| Percentile assumed | 0 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 |
| Urinary MBzP, ng/mL | 0 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 8.7 | 18 |
| MBzP-exposed fecundity OR | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.68 |
| Urinary MBP, ng/mL | 0 | 8.9 | 14.9 | 24.5 | 41.4 | 68 |
| MBP-exposed fecundity OR | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.52 |
| Rate of infertility across entire population of couples attributable to MBzP, % | 3.30 | |||||
| Rate of infertility across entire population of couples attributable to MBP, % | 7.15 | |||||
| Total rate of infertility across entire population attributable to MBP +/or MBzP (accounting for double counting), % | 9.38 | |||||
| Women ages 15–49 in consensual union, n | 59 527 000 | |||||
| Women ages 20–44 in consenual union not using contraception, n | 11 765 294 | |||||
| Attributable infertility cases seeking medical care, n | 618 000 | |||||
| Cost of ART attributable to phthalate exposure | €4.71 billion |