|
Studies
|
Number of studies (N); study period
|
Countries studied
|
Intervention
|
Outcome
|
| Huang, 201354
|
N = 13; 1946-2013 |
Six countries from Europe and North America. None from Asia-Pacific region |
Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing |
Significantly reduced antibiotic prescribing at the index consultation for patients with RTIs |
| Spurling, 201355
|
N = 10; 1966-2013 |
Four countries contributed all studies. New Zealand is represented |
Delayed antibiotics |
Reduced antibiotic use but is perceived as less satisfactory than immediate prescription by patients |
| Huttner, 201056
|
N = 22; 1990-2007 |
16 countries, mostly from Europe and North America. Australia and New Zealand represented |
Multi-faceted intervention (targeting both consumers and healthcare providers, using a variety of mass media and other interventions (guidelines, seminars, and academic detailing) |
Costs of campaigns are high but probably contributed to more careful use of antibiotics in the outpatient settings |
| Vodicka, 201357
|
N = 17; 1966-2012 |
Six high-income countries, mostly from Europe and North America. Australia represented |
Multi-faceted intervention (combinations of patient education materials, group education, academic detailing, opinion leaders, prescribing feedback, computerised decision support system, reminders, websites |
Interventions that combined parent education with clinician behaviour change decreased antibiotic prescribing rates by between 6-21% |
| Ivanovska, 201358
|
N = 8; 1990-2009 |
Six high middle income countries. China and Malaysia are represented |
Combinations of consumer and provider education |
Greater impact on antibiotic prescribing was achieved by multifaceted interventions focusing on specific diseases |
| Andrews, 201259
|
N = 23; 1966-2011 |
Three countries contributed all studies (Israel, UK and USA) |
Verbal or written information given to parents or their children |
In order to be most effective, interventions to influence parental consulting and antibiotic use should: Engage children, occur before an illness episode, employ delayed prescribing, and provide guidance on specific symptoms |
