TABLE 1. Radiographic studies of the internal anatomy of mandibular incisors.
Authors and year | Method | Sample | % bifurcation |
---|---|---|---|
Rankine-Wilson and Henry(1965) | Injection of radiopaque material and X-rays | 111 | 40.5% |
Benjamin and Dowson (1974) | Endodontic files and X-rays | 364 | 41.4% |
Hession (1977) | Injection of radiopaque material and X-rays | 13 | 61.5% |
Miyoshi, et al. (1977) | X-rays | 1.141 | 18.7% |
Bellizzi and Hartwell (1983) * | X-rays | 417 | 18.6% |
Neo and Chee (1990) * | X-rays | 154 | 1.3% |
Nattress and Martin (1991) | X-rays: BL and M-D | 455 | 13% |
Klein, et al.(1997) | X-rays: BL and MD | 200 | 10% |
Oliveira, et al. (1999) | X-rays: BL and MD | 2.115 | 10.3% |
in vivo studies; BL= buccolingual radiograph; MD= mesiodistal radiograph