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. 2009 Jun;17(3):234–239. doi: 10.1590/S1678-77572009000300020

TABLE 1. Radiographic studies of the internal anatomy of mandibular incisors.

Authors and year Method Sample % bifurcation
Rankine-Wilson and Henry(1965) Injection of radiopaque material and X-rays 111 40.5%
Benjamin and Dowson (1974) Endodontic files and X-rays 364 41.4%
Hession (1977) Injection of radiopaque material and X-rays 13 61.5%
Miyoshi, et al. (1977) X-rays 1.141 18.7%
Bellizzi and Hartwell (1983) * X-rays 417 18.6%
Neo and Chee (1990) * X-rays 154 1.3%
Nattress and Martin (1991) X-rays: BL and M-D 455 13%
Klein, et al.(1997) X-rays: BL and MD 200 10%
Oliveira, et al. (1999) X-rays: BL and MD 2.115 10.3%
*

in vivo studies; BL= buccolingual radiograph; MD= mesiodistal radiograph