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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2014 Sep 21;1(3-4):37–50. doi: 10.1007/s40588-014-0006-7

Figure 1. Isoprenoid metabolism in apicomplexan parasites.

Figure 1

Some enzymes and processes are not conserved in all Apicomplexa; see text and Table 1. In Plasmodium and Toxo-plasma spp., FPP and GGPP are synthesized by a single bifunctional enzyme; in Cryptosporidium spp., NPPPS (nonspecific polyprenyl pyrophosphate synthase) synthesizes products with a wide range of chain lengths ([44,57,60]).

Abbreviations: G3P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; DXP, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate; MEP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate; CDPME, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol; CDP-MEP, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate; MEcPP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate; HMBPP, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-buten-4-yl 4-diphosphate; IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate; GPP, geranyl pyrophosphate; FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate; GGPP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; FPPS, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; GGPPS, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; FT, protein farnesyltransferase; GGT1, type I protein geranylgeranyltransferase; GGT2, type II (Rab) protein geranylgeranyltransferase; OPP, octaprenyl pyrophosphate; OPPS, octaprenyl pyro-phosphate synthase; Q8, ubiqinone-8; cis-IPTase, cis-isopentenyltransferase; dol-P, dolichol phosphate; DPM1, dolichol phosphate mannosyltransferase; dol-P mannose, dolichol phosphate mannose; dol-PP-GlcNAc, dolichol pyrophosphate N-acetylglucosamine; OST, oligosaccharyltransferase; dol-PP, dolichol pyrophosphate.