Table 1.
Participant characteristics, the prevalence of EQ-5D impairments, VAS and utility scores, by HL 1 level (N = 913)
| HL | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Low HL | High HL | P 2 | |
| N (%) | 463 (51) | 450 (49) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 36.2 (5.0) | 34.2 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity: N (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Hui minority | 318 (69) | 206 (46) | |
| Han | 145 (31) | 244 (54) | |
| Education: N (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No formal schooling | 351 (76) | 81 (18) | |
| Elementary school | 88 (19) | 171 (38) | |
| Middle school or higher | 24 (5) | 198 (44) | |
| Income: N (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Poverty | 273 (59) | 171 (38) | |
| Non-poverty | 190 (41) | 279 (62) | |
| Geographical location: N (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Mountain area | 167 (36) | 103 (23) | |
| Plain area | 213 (46) | 257 (57) | |
| The edge of mountain and plain | 83 (18) | 90 (20) | |
| Having a chronic disease: N (%) | 203 (44) | 147 (33) | < 0.001 |
| EQ-VAS scores | 70.6 (19.1) | 75.5 (16.4) | < 0.001 |
| Utility scores | 0.86 (0.17) | 0.89 (0.14) | < 0.001 |
| EQ-5D: any impairment: N (%) | |||
| Mobility | 56 (12) | 23 (5) | < 0.001 |
| Self-care | 28 (6) | 23 (5) | 0.362 |
| Usual activities | 69 (15) | 68 (15) | 0.953 |
| Pain/discomfort | 222 (48) | 167 (37) | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety/depression | 162 (35) | 135 (30) | 0.121 |
1: HL = health literacy.
2: Pearson chi-square (categorical) and t (continuous) tests by the HL level. Significant differences were shown in bold.