Table 4. Characteristics of male and female offspring of fathers and mothers that received standard chow (SC) and/or high-fat (HF) diet.

Male	SC-Mo/SC-Fa	SC-Mo/HF-Fa	HF-Mo/SC-Fa	HF-Mo/HF-Fa
Initial body mass (g)	1.20±0.04a	1.23±0.08a	1.26±0.05a	1.50±0.05 b
Body mass at weaning (g)	9.80±0.85a	9.90±0.58a	11.50±0.67b	12.68±0.77c
Final body mass (g)	25.03±0.35a	25.53±0.97a	28.60±1.10b	31.72±0.88c
Food intake (g/day/mouse)	2.20±0.32a	2.36±0.38a	3.49±0.43b	4.40±0.34c
Energy intake (kJ/day/mouse)	36.32±5.30a	38.97±6.36a	57.62±4.82b	72.65±5.53c
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	4.55±0.52a	6.69±0.35b	8.12±0.48b	10.21±1.07c
Adiposity Index (%)	2.42±0.27a	2.40±0.27a	3.86±0.53b	5.39±0.45c
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	67.67±3.14a	70.45±13.10a	90.20±2.65b	112.90±6.36c
Triacylglycerol (mg/dL)	54.75±1.08a	57.00±7.50a	65.77±4.39b	79.90±6.05c
Insulin (pg/mL)	88.60±3.75a	140.20±9.29b	243.50±33.27c	377.80±7.62d
Adiponectin (106 pg/mL)	7.40±0.43a	6.04±0.50b	4.65±0.88c	3.22±0.29d
Hepatic mass (g/cm)	0.34±0.04a	0.53±0.04b	0.50±0.06b	0.70±0.05c
Liver TG (mg/dl/mg)	2.79±0.46a	4.71±0.89b	4.90±0.77b	6.60±0.34c
Female
Initial body mass (g)	1.13±0.03e	1.14±0.04e	1.20±0.10e	1.36±0.05f, *
Body mass at weaning (g)	8.96±0.85e,*	8.99±0.58e,*	10.01±0.67f,*	11.90±0.78g,*
Final body mass (g)	19.13±0.39e,*	19.18±0.63e,*	21.37±0.83f,*	23.47±0.74g,*
Food intake (g/day/mouse)	1.98±0.50e	1.98±0.42e	2.76±0.38f,*	3.52±0.77g,*
Energy intake (kJ/day/mouse)	32.69±8.20e	32.69±6.94e	45.57±6.26f,*	58.12±12.76g,*
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	3.97±0.35e	5.72±0.26f	6.04±1.04f,*	7.78±0.81g,*
Adiposity Index (%)	3.14±0.06e	3.00±0.17e	4.85±0.20f,*	6.93±0.30g,*
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	58.17±2.48e	60.13±6.46e	76.83±4.75f, *	95.62±8.43g,*
Triacylglycerol (mg/dL)	53.60±2.67e	55.46±1.43e	60.65±1.90e,*	71.13±2.55f,*
Insulin (pg/mL)	85.98±6.27e	136.60±36.49f	198.40±21.82g,*	279.80±10.90h,*
Adiponectin (106 pg/mL)	8.30±0.51e	7.02±0.48f	5.66±0.90g,*	4.29±0.43h,*
Hepatic mass (g/cm)	0.32±0.04e	0.48±0.05f	0.42±0.07f	0.61±0.07g
Liver TG (mg/dl/mg)	2.64±0.13e	4.33±0.76f	4.46±0.80f	6.25±1.14g

All offspring groups received postnatal SC diet (n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean and SD (n = 5 mice per group, one way ANOVA and the post hoc test of Holm-Sidak). Same letters represent equal groups, with no statistical difference while different letters represent different groups from each other, with statistical difference (P<0.05)

* different from the corresponding counterpart (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: offspring of SC mother and SC father (SC-Mo/SC-Fa); offspring of SC mother and HF father (SC-Mo/HF-Fa); offspring of HF mother and SC father (HF-Mo/SC-Fa); offspring of HF mother and HF father (HF-Mo/HF-Fa); triacylglycerol (TG).