Table 1.
Cohort characteristics, mean ± SD
| DM2 n=22 |
Non-DM2 n=78 |
p-value (t-test or chi-square) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 60.1 ± 2.8 | 59.4 ± 2.5 | 0.26 |
| Weight, kg | 87 ± 20 | 84 ± 19 | 0.58 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32 ± 7 | 31 ± 7 | 0.58 |
| Time since menopause, yr | 8.7 ± 2.9 | 7.7 ± 3.7 | 0.28 |
| Previous fracture, N (%) | 4 (18%) | 5 (6%) | 0.10 |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 8 (36%) | 10 (13%) | 0.02 |
| Current alcohol ≥1 drink/day, N (%) | 14 (64%) | 50 (64%) | 0.20 |
| Physical activity score* | 7.2 ± 2.1 | 7.8 ± 1.8 | 0.18 |
| Osteoporosis medication, N (%) | 8 (36%) | 29 (37%) | 1.00 |
| Glucocorticoid medication, N (%) | 4 (18%) | 9 (12%) | 0.47 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 115 ± 41 | 91 ± 12 | 0.02 |
| Fasting insulin, uIU/mL | 23 ± 29 | 14 ± 17 | 0.11 |
| HOMA-IR | 6.3 ± 7.4 | 3.5 ± 6.6 | 0.11 |
| Spine BMD, g/cm2 | 1.079 ± 0.220 | 1.061 ± 0.155 | 0.67 |
| Total hip BMD, g/cm2 | 1.019 ± 0.172 | 1.002 ± 0.144 | 0.64 |
| Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2 | 0.896 ± 0.130 | 0.873 ± 0.144 | 0.51 |
| Total body BMD, g/cm2 | 1.170 ± 0.120 | 1.154 ± 0.126 | 0.60 |
*
Scores range 3–9 with higher scores indicating increased physical activity(12)