Table 2.

Bone density, microarchitecture, and biomechanical parameters at the distal radius and tibia in African-American women with and without DM2 (mean ± SD)

	Radius			Tibia
	DM2 (n=22)	Controls (n=78)	p-value	DM2 (n=22)	Controls (n=78)	p-value
Total BMD (mgHA/cm3)	308.6 ± 60.9	325.5 ± 73.3	0.325	287.3 ± 68	289.4 ± 53.8	0.878
Geometry
Total Area (mm2)	284.6 ± 42.4	269.4 ± 52.7	0.216	717.8 ± 107.0	712.4 ± 120.5	0.849
Trabecular Area (mm2)	227.4 ± 44.4	213.0 ± 53.6	0.254	599.9 ± 113.5	597.0 ± 124.0	0.921
Cortical Area (mm2)	60.4 ± 7.0	59.2 ± 10.8	0.547	123.1 ± 21.4	120.3 ± 23.6	0.622
Cortical Area / Total area (%)	21.7 ± 4.2	22.8 ± 6.1	0.433	17.6 ± 4.5	17.4 ± 4.6	0.830
Cortical density and structure
Cortical BMD (mgHA/cm3)	933.3 ± 52.7	957.7 ± 47.0	0.040	878.6 ± 65.1	894.9 ± 64.9	0.304
Cortical Tissue Mineral Density (mgHA/cm3)	975.8 ± 40.3	993.9 ± 35.4	0.045	975.3 ± 31.7	982.2 ± 35.3	0.450
Cortical Thickness (mm)	0.91 ± 0.14	0.93 ± 0.20	0.729	1.26 ± 0.26	1.23 ± 0.27	0.607
Cortical Porosity (%)	2.9 ± 1.5	2.3 ± 1.1	0.025	7.2 ± 2.8	6.3 ± 2.6	0.161
Cortical Pore Volume (mm3)	14.8 ± 7.5	11.5 ± 6.2	0.037	74.0 ± 25.0	63.4 ± 26.8	0.102
Cortical Pore Diameter (mm)	0.17 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.02	0.319	0.19 ± 0.03	0.18 ± 0.03	0.169
Trabecular density and structure
Trabecular BMD (mgHA/cm3)	156.7 ± 44.9	160.4 ± 36.0	0.690	163.6 ± 41.7	165.9 ± 33.7	0.791
Trabecular Number (1/mm)	1.83 ± 0.4	1.89 ± 0.32	0.483	1.79 ± 0.43	1.87 ± 0.34	0.341
Trabecular Thickness (mm)	0.071 ± 0.014	0.071 ± 0.014	0.934	0.077 ± 0.012	0.075 ± 0.014	0.570
Trabecular Separation (mm)	0.519 ± 0.235	0.475 ± 0.101	0.208	0.514 ± 0.145	0.477 ± 0.097	0.274
Heterogeneity of Network (mm)	0.234 ± 0.146	0.211 ± 0.087	0.486	0.261 ± 0.137	0.22 ± 0.069	0.060
Biomechanics
Strength (kN/mm)	75.5 ± 15.6	74.6 ± 14.6	0.792	201.4 ± 34.1	200.1 ± 43.8	0.882
Failure Load (N)	3774 ± 765	3744 ± 719	0.867	10193 ± 1678	10073 ± 2200	0.784